U Rwanda ni igihugu gishimirwa n’abagisura, impuguke ndetse n’imiryango mpuzamahanga itandukanye ko gikataje mu ku rwanya ruswa, kandi ko ubushake bwa politiki mu kuyirwanya bugaragarira benshi.
Nkuko bikubiye muri raporo iheruka ya 2024 y’umuryango mpuzamahanga, Transparency International, u Rwanda ni urwa gatatu muri Afurika yose, urwa mbere muri Afurika y’Iburasirazuba ndetse rukaba urwa 43 ku Isi yose mu bihugu 180, aho rufite amanota 57% mu kurwanya ruswa.
Kuva iyi raporo izwi nka “Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI)” yatangira gusohoka muri 1995, ni ubwa mbere u Rwanda rwari rugize aya manota, gusa n’ubundi mu myaka 10 ishize, ruhora mu bihugu bitanu bya mbere muri Afurika n’amanota atarajya munsi ya 50%.
Uretse ubushakashatsi mpuzamahanga, na raporo zikorwa n’indi muryango ikorera mu Rwanda, harimo Transparency International ishami ry’u Rwanda, zigaragaza ko ruswa mu Rwanda iri ku kigereranyo cyo hasi. Gusa izi raporo zigaragaza ko biteye impungenge ku kuba abahura na ruswa abenshi muri bo badatanga amakuru.
Ubushakashatsi ngarukamwaka kuri ruswa mu Rwanda, buzwi nka “Rwanda Bribery Index (RBI)”, bukorwa na Transparency International Rwanda, ubuheruka bwo muri 2024 bugaragaza ko nibura 18.5% y’ababajijwe bahuye na ruswa muri uwo mwaka. Mu babajijwe, 2.1% y’abasabye serivisi mu nzego n’ibigo bitandukanye bemeye ko bo ubwabo batanze ruswa.
Nubwo byakumvikana ko 2.1% by’abiyemereye ko batanze ruswa ari umubare muto, si muto nk’uko umuntu yabitekereza. Tuzirikane ko abakoreweho ubu bushakashatsi ari abafite cyangwa abarengeje imyaka 18 y’ubukure.
Ukurikije imibare y’Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ibarurishamibare (NISR), nk’uko ibarura rusange ry’abaturage n’imiturire riheruka ribigaragaza, nibura abatuye u Rwanda bari hejuru y’imyaka 18 ni miliyoni 7 barengaho (iyi mibare ni ikigereranyo twakoze kuko iri barura ntabwo ryerekana neza abari hejuru y’imyaka 18 bose).
Ufatiye kuri izo miliyoni 7 gusa z’abari hejuru y’imyaka 18, umuntu agenekereje yavuga ko nibura Abanyarwanda hafi ibihumbi 150 (147,000 kuri miliyoni 7) bemeye ko batanze ruswa mu mwaka wa 2024. Ni mu gihe abasaga miliyon n’ibihumbi 200 (1,295,000) bo bahuye na ruswa mu buryo buziguye cyangwa butaziguye.
Igiteye impungenge kurushaho, ni uko mu bahuye na ruswa, 8% gusa aribo bemeye ko batanze amakuru ku bigo n’inzego zishinzwe kurwanya no gukumira ruswa. Bivuze ko 82% bo bicecekeye bakikomereza ubuzima bisanzwe.
Kuki abantu badatanga amakuru?
Mu mpamvu ababajijwe mu bushakashatsi batanga harimo ko ngo batinya na bo ubwabo ko bakurikiranwa n’ubutabera, gutinya guterwa ubwoba (n’abanyabyaha), kuba batazi abo baha amakuru, ndetse hari n’abavuga ko babonaga nubwo bari gutanga amakuru ntacyari gukorwa. Mu zindi mpamvu zitandukanye harimo no kuba ngo mu bigo bikwiye kwakira amakuru na byo harimo abakozi bamwe bijandika muri ruswa.
Uyu muco wo kwanga gutanga amakuru kuri ruswa si mwiza kuko udindiza bikomeye ingamba zo kurwanya ruswa. Gusa nanone kuba hakiriho imbogamizi zituma abahuye na ruswa badatanga amakuru na byo inzego n’abo bireba bikwiye gutuma bongera imbaraga cyane. ‘Nibafunge boot gikomando’ barwanye ibibangamira abatanga amakuru kuri ruswa!
Ingingo ya 19 y’itegeko N° 54/2018 ryo ku wa 13/08/2018 ryerekeye kurwanya ruswa, ivuga ku kutaryozwa icyaha cya ruswa mu gihe hatanzwe amakuru. Iyi ngingo isobanura neza ko “nta buryozwacyaha bubaho ku muntu watanze cyangwa wakiriye indonke, ubimenyesha inzego z’ubutabera mbere y’uko ikurikiranwa ry’icyaha ritangira, atanga amakuru cyangwa agaragaza ibimenyetso.”
Ikindi kandi “umuntu watanze cyangwa wakiriye indonke mu rwego rwo gufasha ubutabera kubona ibimenyetso ku cyaha cya ruswa ntafatwa nk’uwakoze icyaha iyo yabimenyesheje inzego z’ubutabera mbere y’uko icyo cyaha gikorwa.”
U Rwanda kandi rufite itegeko rirengera abatanga amakuru ku byaha, ku bikorwa cyangwa imyitwarire binyuranyije n’amategeko, ndetse iri tegeko ryo muri 2017 riri mu murongo wo kuvugururwa.
Ingingo ya 9 y’iri tegeko, ishimangira ko “leta ifite inshingano zo gushyiraho ingamba zigamije kurinda no kurengera uwatanze amakuru”. Ni mu gihe ingingo ya 10 n’iya 11 zishimangira ibijyanye no kugira ibanga ku makuru yakiriwe no kurinda ihohoterwa uwatanze amakuru.
Nubwo amategeko ariho asobanutse, inzego za leta n’abafatanyabikorwa bakwiye guhaguruka birushijeho bakongera ubukangurambaga mu baturage, ndetse hagashyirwaho uburyo bwinshi bworohereza abaturage gutanga amakuru, ndetse bakizezwa umutekano mu gihe bayatanze.
Kurwanya ruswa biragoye cyane mu gihe abayitangaho amakuru bakiri bake.
UMUSEKE.RW
