Imyaka 31 irashize u Rwanda rubohowe, Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ihagaritswe. Uhereye icyo gihe, igihugu cyatangiye urugendo rugana ku iterambere no gusubiza agaciro Abanyarwanda.
Mu myaka 31 ishize, hagezweho byinshi bitandukanye mu nzego z’umutekano, ubutabera, imibereho myiza y’abaturage, ubukungu, ndetse n’imiyoborere y’igihugu idasigaye inyuma.
Ni imyaka kandi yagaruye agaciro k’igihugu, inongera ikizere mu Banyarwanda nyuma y’imyaka myinshi batotezwa ndetse bakorerwa ivangura.
Mu rugendo ruganisha ku iterambere no kwigira kw’Abanyarwanda, hagezweho byinshi mu bijyanye n’imibereho myiza y’abaturage.
Nyuma yo guhagarika Jenoside, u Rwanda rwatangiye gusana ibyari byarasenyutse, birimo ibikorwaremezo nk’amashuri, imihanda, amavuriro, amabanki n’ibindi.
Kaburimbo yageze hose
Ku wa 5 Kamena 2024, ubwo yari imbere y’Inteko Ishingamategeko y’u Rwanda agaragaza ibyagezweho muri gahunda ya Guverinoma y’imyaka irindwi yo kwihutisha iterambere (NST1) yatangiye mu 2017, Minisitiri w’Intebe, Dr. Edouard Ngirente, yatangaje ko kugeza ubu nta karere na kamwe mu Rwanda katageramo kaburimbo.
Dr Ngirente, yagaragaje ko mu rwego rwo kubaka ibikorwaremezo, hari byinshi byagezweho birimo imihanda yubatswe, ifasha abaturage kugenderana no koroherezwa ingendo.
Yagize ati: “Hubatswe imihanda ya kaburimbo mu turere dutandukanye igera ku burebure bwa kilometero 1700 ndetse nk’uko mubizi nta karere na kamwe hano mu Rwanda katageramo kaburimbo, nibura ushobora kujya muri buri karere unyuze mu muhanda wa kaburimbo.”
Amavuriro n’Ibigo Nderabuzima byarubatswe
Mu rugendo rwo kwigira hakozwe byinshi birimo no gushyiraho amavuriro n’Ibigo Nderabuzima hagamijwe kwegereza abaturage ubuvuzi.
Minisitiri w’Ubuzima, Dr Sabin Nsanzimana, aheruka kubwira RBA ko u Rwanda rushyize imbere gufasha buri muntu kubona aho yivuriza bitamugoye.
Yagaraaje ko mu myaka ya mbere ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, hari amavuriro make kandi mato ariko ko kugeza ubu akomeje kwiyongera ku kigero kiri hejuru.
Yagize ati “Ariko kuri ubu ubwiyongere bukomeje kugaragara[…] ibitaro bya kaminuza habagaho ibitaro bimwe ubu tugeze ku bitaro hafi bitandatu bya kaminuza ndetse no mu ntara turi gufungura ibindi bigeze kuri 10 bya kaminuza ku rwego rwa kabiri, ku mavuriro byarihuse.”
Kugeza ubu mu Rwanda habarurwa ibigo nderabuzima birenga 510, ibitaro bingana na 57, amavuriro y’ibanze 1200 na ho ibitaro bya Kaminuza ni bitandatu kongeraho ibindi 10 byo ku rwego rwa kabiri bigiye gufungurwa hirya no hino mu Ntara.
U Rwanda kandi rwatangije gahunda yo gukuba kane abakora mu buvuzi mu rwego rwo kongera umubare wabo kuko wasangaga umuganga umwe abarirwa abantu 1000, mu gihe intego ari abaganga bane ku baturage 1000.
Gahunda yo kongera abakora mu rwego rw’ubuvuzi, iteganya kongeramo abantu 32.973 bitarenze 2028.
Abanyarwanda baratekanye
Nyuma yaho Jenoside ihagaritswe, ubuyobozi bwashyize ku isonga umuturage, bukora ibishoboka byose ngo atekane.
Ubuyobozi bwakoze amavugurura mu nzego z’umutekano guhera ku Mudugudu.
Hagiyeho irondo ry’umwuga rifasha abaturage kwicungira umutekano ndetse inzego za gisirikare na Polisi zishyirwamo imbaraga, urubyiruko ruhabwa amahirwe yo gukorera igihugu.
Hagiyeho kandi Urwego rwunganira Akarere mu gucunga umutekano ruzwi nka Dasso.
Ubushakashatsi ngarukamwaka ku miyoborere bwakozwe n’Urwego rw’Imiyoborere, RGB, buzwi nka Rwanda Governance Scorecard (RGS) mu mwaka ushize, bugaragaza ko Inkingi y’Umutekano n’ituze ry’abaturage yaje ku isonga mu byishimirwa n’abaturage n’amanota 93.82%.
RGB itangaza ko ibijyanye n’umutekano rusange w’igihugu byishimiwe n’abaturage ku gipimo cya 95.54%, kubungabunga umutekano biri kuri 96,92% .
Abaturage bavuye mu bukene
Mu myaka 31 yose ishize, nta gushidikanya niba utuye mu Rwanda amaso araguha ko rwahindutse. Yaba imihanda, amatara ku mihanda ndetse n’akanyamuneza ku maso birigaragaza.
Ubushakashatsi bwa karindwi ku Mibereho y’Ingo muri Rusange (EICV7), 2017-2024, bwagaragaje ko abaturage barenga miliyoni 1,5 bavuye mu bukene mu myaka 7 ishize.
Bwagaragaje kandi ko ubukene mu Rwanda bugeze kuri 27, 4% buvuye kuri 39.8% bwariho mu 2017. Ni ukuvuga ko ubukene bwagabanutseho 12,4% mu myaka irindwi ishize.
Ibi babikesha kuba barashyiriweho gahunda zibafasha kwikura mu bukene zirimo kwibumbira mu makoperative, gahunda ya VUP (Vision Umurenge Program).
Muri iyi gahunda, abantu bahawe imirimo ishingiye kuri serivisi z’ingo mbonezamikurire, kwigishwa imyuga, kunganirwa mu mitungo ibyara inyungu, na serivisi z’amafaranga zikubiyemo inguzanyo ziciriritse, ndetse n’ubukangurambaga mu mikoreshereze y’amafaranga no gutegura imishinga.
Umunyarwanda yihagije ku biribwa
Guverinoma y’u Rwanda itangaza ko umubare w’ingo zihagije mu biribwa wiyongereye mu myaka ine ishize uva ku ngo 79,4% ugera kuri 83%.
Dr. Ngirente aherutse kubwira Inteko Ishinga Amategeko ko umusaruro w’ibikomoka ku buhinzi n’ubworozi wiyongereye mu myaka ishize bituma amafunguro yiyongera ku baturage mu bwinshi no mu bwiza.
Ati “Dufashe urugero, mu 2017 ingano y’ingo zihagije mu biribwa zari 80%, mu gihe cya COVID umanukaho gato ugera kuri 79,4% ariko kubera imbaraga zashyizwe mu buhinzi n’ubworozi, ingo zihagije mu biribwa zariyongereye muri iyi myaka ine ishize, ubu zikaba zigeze kuri 83%.”
Amata Abanyarwanda banywa yavuye kuri litiro 66 z’amata ku mwaka 2017, zigera kuri litiro zirenga 79 mu 2024.
Ubuhinzi bukorwa n’abarenga 69% mu gihe abakora ubuhinzi bugamije isoko bavuye kuri 37,3% mu mwaka wa 2017, bagera kuri 49% mu mwaka wa 2024.
Ubushakashatsi ku mibereho rusange y’ingo bwa karindwi (EICV 7) bugaragaza ko Umunyarwanda ushobora gukoresha arenga ibihumbi 560 Frw agura ibiribwa, imyambaro n’ibindi atabarizwa munsi y’umurongo w’ubukene.
Nta munyarwanda ugicana agatadowa
Ese uribuka igihe umuturage wari ufite umwana wiga mu mashuri abanza, uburyo yasubiragamo amasomo yicaye ku gatadowa, imyotsi yose imuzamukira mu mazuru ndetse bikamuviramo indwara z’ubuhumekero?
Ubu Umunyarwanda aracana, umwana agatsinda mu ishuri abikesha kugira amashanyarazi.
Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ibarurishamibare (NISR), kivuga ko muri 2024 ingo zifite amashanyarazi mu Rwanda zageze ku kigero cya 72% zivuye kuri 34% by’ingo zacanirwaga muri 2017.
Imibare itangazwa na REG igaragaraza ko kugeza muri Mata 2025, ikigero cya 72% cyari kimaze kurenga kikaba kigeze kuri 82% by’ingo zifite amashanyarazi mu gihugu hose.
Mu myaka irindwi ishize, ni ukuvuga 2017 kugeza 2024, ingo zo mu mijyi zifite amashanyarazi, zageze kuri 88% zivuye kuri 76%, mu gihe izo mu cyaro zifite amashanyarazi zageze kuri 65% zivuye kuri 25%.
Sosiyete y’u Rwanda ishinzwe ingufu REG igaragaza ko nibura mu mwaka wa 2029 abaturage bangana 100% bazaba bagerwaho n’amashanyarazi.
Amazi yabagezeho
Ubushakashatsi bwa karindwi ku Mibereho y’Ingo muri Rusange (EICV7), bwagaragaje ko imibare y’Abanyarwanda bagerwaho n’amazi meza yageze kuri 90% bavuye kuri 87% mu 2017.
Abagera ku mavomo bakoresheje iminota iri munsi ya 30 bagera kuri 68% mu gihe 21% bakoresha iminota iri hejuru ya 30 ngo bagere ku ivomo cyangwa isoko y’amazi meza.
Imibare igaragaza ko abafite amazi mu ngo za bo ari 16% bavuye kuri 9%, abavoma mu baturanyi no ku mavomo rusange abegereye ari 39% bavuye kuri 35%.
Abavoma ku yandi masoko ariko avubura amazi meza 35% bavuye kuri 43%, mu gihe abakoresha amazi ava ku masoko adasukuye bageze ku 10% bavuye kuri 12%.
Bisi zirimo n’iz’amashayarazi zageze hose
Nyuma yaho Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ihagaritswe, ubuzima bwari ingume bwatangiye kugaruka, abantu bajya ku mirimo nk’ibisanzwe.
Icyakora, imodoka zari mbarwa, umuntu atega ‘ Twegerane’ kugira ngo abashe kugera ku kazi [ ku bakoreraga mu mijyi] .
Mu myaka 31 ishize ubu siko bikiri kuko ubuzima bwahindutse umuntu asigaye agenda muri Bisi nini, zirimo n’ihuzanzira rya interineti aho umuntu agenda avugana n’umuvandimwe, umukunzi we cyangwa umubyeyi kuri telefoni akoresheje ‘Watsap’ cyangwa ubundi buryo we bidasabye kuva muri iyo modoka.
Izi bisi zifite umwihariko wo gutwara abantu benshi, zikagira televiziyo aho umuntu agenda areba indirimbo zitandukanye cyangwa amashusho atambutswamo atanga ubutumwa n’ibindi.
Usibye kuba zikorera mu Mujyi wa Kigali, imodoka zirimo izikoresha amashanyarazi mu rwego rwo kubungabunga ikirere, ubu zatangiye n’ibyerekezo byo mu ntara kugira ngo ibi byiza abanyamujyi batabyihererana.
U Rwanda rwihaye intego y’uko bizagera mu 2030, 20% by’imodoka zitwara abagenzi zikoresha amashanyarazi .
Umuyobozi Mukuru w’Urwego Ngenzuramikorere (RURA), aherutse kuvuga ko mu myaka itanu iri imbere, urwego rw’ubwikorezi mu Rwanda ruzaba rwarateye imbere ndetse ko hari gahunda yo kuvugurura imikorere ndetse no gukoresha ubwoko bushya bwa gariyamoshi nto zo ku butaka zizwi nka Tram.
Muri rusange mu myaka 31 ishize, u Rwanda rwavuye ku busa rugeze aharyoshye ndetse amahanga asigaye aza gukura isomo kuri rwo.
Ubu urugendo rw’iterambere rurakomeje ndetse haracyari imishinga migari izasiga u Rwanda ku rundi rwego.
TUYISHIMIRE Raymond
UMUSEKE.RW
