U Rwanda rwatangaje ko ruhagaze ku myanzuro y’imiryango irimo Umuryango wa Afurika yunze Ubumwe n’Umuryango w’Ibihugu byo muri Afurika y’Iburasirazuba, yamagana icyemezo cya Guverinoma ya Israel cyo kwemera Somaliland nk’igihugu kigenga.
Ku wa 26 Ukuboza 2025 ni bwo Guverinoma ya Israel yatangaje ku mugaragaro ko yemeye Somaliland nk’igihugu kigomba kubahirwa ubusugire bwayo, bityo Israel iba ibaye igihugu cya mbere ku Isi gishyigikiye ko Somaliland yiyomora kuri Somalia ikigenga.
Mu mashusho yakwirakwiriye ku mbuga nkoranyambaga agaragaza, Minisitiri w’Intebe wa Israel, Benjamin Netanyahu, ahamagara kuri telefone Perezida wa Somaliland, Dr. Abdirahman Mohamed Abdalla, akamubwira ko bashima imiyoborere ye ndetse ko biyemeje guharanira umutekano n’iterambere rya Somaliland ko kandi ubu bagiye kwagura imikoranire mu nzego zose.
Kuki Israel yateye iyi ntambwe?
Umunyamerika Michael Rubin, impuguke muri politiki yo mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati, yagaragaje ko umugambi wa Israel wo gutangaza Somaliland nk’igihugu kigenga ushingira ku mpamvu nyinshi.
Ku isonga harimo inyota ya Israel yo kugenzura imbibi za Somaliland ku Nyanja Itukura no kuhagira ibirindiro bya gisirikare byo guhangana n’Aba-Houthi bo muri Yemen.
Byavuzwe ko Israel ishaka kugenzura byihariye icyambu cya Berbera gihuza Uburasirazuba bwo Hagati na Afurika y’Iburasirazuba, bityo ikagura ubucuruzi n’ibihugu birimo Ethiopia.
Benjamin Netanyahu yabwiye Perezida wa Somaliland ko azamenyesha Donald Trump ubushake bwa Somaliland bwo kubahiriza amasezerano ya Abraham.
Amasezerano ya Abraham yasinywe mu 2020 hagati ya Israel n’ibihugu by’Abarabu ku bufasha bwa Amerika, agamije guhosha amakimbirane no guteza imbere ubufatanye.
Bitekerezwa ko Israel ikoresha itangazwa rya Somaliland nk’igihugu kigenga mu gushaka inshuti z’ibihugu by’Abayisiramu, ndetse hakaba n’ibivugwa byo gutuza abaturage ba Gaza muri Somaliland.
Israel yaramaganywe
Icyemezo cyahise gisamirwa hejuru n’ibihugu n’imiryango mpuzamahanga, bavuga ko gihabanye n’amategeko mpuzamahanga kandi kinavogera ubusugire bwa Somalia.
Mahmoud Ali Youssouf, Perezida w’Umuryango wa Afurika Yunze Ubumwe, yamaganye umugambi cyangwa ibikorwa bigamije kwemeza Somaliland nk’igihugu cyigenga, ashimangira ko ari agace ka Repubulika ya Somalia.
Yavuze kandi ko hagomba gukomeza kubahirizwa amasezerano yo mu 1964 nyuma y’ubukoloni, kugira ngo imipaka y’ibihugu igume uko imeze hagamijwe gusigasira ubumwe bw’umugabane.
Abakuru b’ibihugu barimo Perezida Museveni, Samia Suluhu Hassan, William Ruto n’uw’wa Djibouti, bahamagaye Hassan Sheikh Mohamud, uyobora Somalia, bamubwira ko bafatanyije nawe mu kurinda ubusugire bwa Somalia.
Umuryango wa Afurika y’Iburasirazuba nawo wasohoye itangazo uvuga ko ufata Somalia nk’ubutaka bumwe bwigenga kandi buyoborwa n’ubutegetsi bumwe bwa Somalia.
EAC mu itangazo ryayo ryo ku wa 28 Ukuboza 2025, yavuze ko hashingiwe ku masezerano ashyiraho uwo Muryango, ifata Somalia nk’igihugu cyigenga kandi gifite imipaka itavogerwa.
U Rwanda narwo rwatangaje ko rwiyemeje byuzuye guhagarara ku byatangajwe na AU na EAC mu gushyigikira Somalia, kandi rushishikariza gukomeza inzira iganisha ku mahoro n’iterambere rusange, hubahirijwe amategeko mpuzamahanga.
Ibihugu by’Abayisiramu n’Abarabu birimo” Arabie Saoudite, Misiri, Turikiya, Iran, Pakistan, Qatar, Jordan, Algerie, Iraq, Kuwait, Oman, Libya, Palestine, Somalia, Sudan, Yemen, Comoros, Djibouti, Gambia, Maldives, Nigeria n’Umuryango Mpuzamahanga w’Abayisilamu ku Isi, byashoye itangazo byise irihuriweho bivuga ko byamaganye umugambi cyangwa igitekerezo cyatuma Somaliland iba Igihugu cyigenga ikava kuri Somalia.
Ukuboko kwa Amerika.
Perezida Donald Trump wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, usanzwe azwiho gushyigikira Israel mu byemezo ifata, yaruciye ararumira.
Ni nyuma y’aho Netanyahu yabwiye Perezida wa Somaliland, Abdirahman Mohamed Abdullahi, ko azasaba Donald Trump kwemeza iki gihugu nka Leta yigenga.
Trump aherutse kandi kumvikana anenga Somalia, avuga ko ari igihugu kitagira byinshi uretse ibibazo by’abaturage n’ubuyobozi buhendahenda, kandi ko adakeneye Abanya-Somalia ku butaka bwa Amerika.
Gusa ubwo yari mu kiganiro n’ikinyamakuru New York Post, Trump yavuze ko ibijyanye no kwemera Somaliland atabikozwa muri iyi minsi, ahubwo ko azatangira kubitekerezaho nyuma.
Ati “Ntabwo ibyo nabyemeza aka kanya. Oya rwose ntabwo byashoboka.”
Somaliland ni iki?
Somaliland ni ubutaka bungana na km² 176,120 butuwe n’abaturage miliyoni 6,25, bufite umusaruro mbumbe ungana na miliyari 4,28 z’amadolari ya Amerika.
Ni agace kabarizwa mu ihembe rya Afurika, mu majyaruguru ashyira uburengerazuba bwa Somalia, kagahana imbibi na Djibouti mu majyaruguru ashyira uburengerazuba, Ethiopia mu majyepfo n’iburengerazuba.
Somaliland yari koloni y’Abongereza nyuma ibona ubwigenge muri Kamena 1960, ihita yifatanya n’ikindi gice cyahoze ari koloni y’Abataliyani bashinga Repubulika ya Somalia.
Mu 1991, nyuma y’isenyuka rya Leta ya Somalia ahanini bitewe n’imvurura n’umutekano muke nibwo Somaliland yatangaje ko yihaye ubwigenge, itangira inzira yo kubaho nk’igihugu kigenga.
Kuva icyo gihe, Somaliland yashyizeho imiyoborere yayo ishingiye kuri demokarasi, ishyiraho itegeko nshinga, Perezida utorwa n’abaturage, Inteko Ishinga Amategeko, inzego z’ubutabera n’iz’umutekano, ibirango by’Igihugu, Umurwa mukuru n’ibindi.
Bitewe n’uko ari agace gakora ku nyanjya kakagira n’ubukungu bwihagazeho ahanini bishingiye ku cyambu cya Berbera, bituma Somaliland yifuza kwemerwa ku rwego mpuzamahanga ikaba yaba umunyamuryango w’imiryango irimo Loni ndetse ikajya igirana amazerano n’ibindi bihugu.
Ninde wemeza ishingwa ry’Igihugu?
Mu mategeko n’imikorere mpuzamahanga, gutangaza cyangwa gushinga Igihugu kigenga ntibigendera ku nzira imwe yanditse kandi yemewe ku Isi hose, ahubwo bishingira ku mahame rusange yashyizweho n’amasezerano mpuzamahanga.
Amategeko agaragaza ko kuba igihugu bisaba ibisabwa by’ibanze birimo kugira abaturage bahoraho, imbibi zizwi, ubutegetsi bukora neza n’ubushobozi bwo kugirana umubano n’ibindi bihugu nk’uko bikubiye mu mu Masezerano ya Montevideo yo mu 1933, akunze gukoreshwa nk’ishingiro mu gusuzuma niba agace runaka gashobora gufatwa nk’igihugu kigenga mu mategeko mpuzamahanga.
Nubwo ibi bisabwa byaba byujujwe, kwemera igihugu gishya ku rwego mpuzamahanga bikorwa n’ibindi bihugu ku giti cyabyo, ahanini bishingiye ku nyungu za politiki n’imibanire mpuzamahanga.
Hari ibitekerezo bibiri by’ingenzi mu mategeko mpuzamahanga: kimwe kivuga ko igihugu kibaho iyo cyujuje ibisabwa by’ubwigenge, hanyuma kwemera kikaba ari ukugishyigikira gusa; ikindi kikavuga ko igihugu kibaho ari uko cyemejwe n’abandi.
Mu gushinga Igihugu cyangwa kugishakira ubwigenge, ikindi kintu cy’ingenzi kigenderwaho ni ihame ry’uburenganzira bw’abaturage bwo kwigenga, ryashyizwe mu Masezerano ya Loni no mu yandi masezerano mpuzamahanga y’uburenganzira bwa muntu.
Iri hame ryemerera abaturage kwihitiramo imiyoborere n’icyerekezo cy’ejo hazaza habo. Icyakora, rihura n’ihame ry’ubusugire bw’ibihugu, rirengera imbibi n’ubumwe bw’ibihugu bisanzwe bihari.
Kwemerwa ku rwego mpuzamahanga ko igihugu kigenga bikunze kuba iyi icyo Gihugu cyemewe cyangwa cyinjijwe mu Muryango w’Abibumbye.
MUGIRANEZA THIERRY/ UMUSEKE.RW
