Muri 2015 hari umuhanga mu binyabuzima witwa Jerry Coyne wanditse igitabo yise Faith versus Fact yerekana ko kwemera bishingiye ku idini (faith) bihabanye cyane no kwimera ibintu bishingiye ku bushakashatsi mu by’ubuhanga(fact). Kuri we ngo guhuza ibi bigoye nko guhuza ubumenyi n’ubujiji.
Hari abemeza ko Science n’ukwemera bidashaka kuzuzanya
Nubwo abyemeza gutyo ariko (kandi siwe wenyine) hari abandi barimu muri Kaminuza bemeza ko iyo umuntu afashe umwanya urambuye akiga neza ingingo zivugwa ko ukwemera gushingiye ku idini gutandukaniyeho n’ubumenyi bushingiye kuri science, asanga mu by’ukuri izi mpande zuzuzanya.
Mu kinyamakuru kitwa The Conversation bariya bahanga banditse ko inyandiko z’abahanga ba kera muri science no mu madini zigaragaza ko aho uruhande rumwe rwaburaga ibisobanuro, urundi rwabitangaga.
Uku kuzuzanya ngo ni ikintu abahanga bamwe batarumva kandi ngo nibacyumva kizafasha impande zombi mu bushakashatsi bwazo.
Bemeza ko Science ifite ibisubizo ku bibazo bimwe idini ryibaza, kandi n’idini rikagira ibisubizo byayobeye abahanga muri science.
Inyandiko za zimwe mu ntiti muri science za kera zemezaga ko Imana ariyo MPAMVU ikomeye y’ibiriho. Izindi ariko zikavuga ko IMPAMVU y’ibiriho ari ugukura/ubwihindurize kutazwi aho kwakomotse.
Guhangana kw’idini na science ariko ngo kwatangijwe n’ibyabaye ku muhanga Galileo Gallille mu 1633 wanyomoje Kiriziya yemezaga ko izuba rizenguruka isi bituma Urukiko rwa Papa i Roma rumukatira kwicwa.
Mu 1860 T H Huxley umuhanga mu binyabuzima wo muri Kaminuza ya Oxford mu Bwongereza yashyamiranye mu bitekerezo na Mgr Samuel Wilberforce ku nkomoko y’ibinyabuzima, umwe avuga ‘Ubwihindurize’ undi avuga ‘Iremwa’.
Kutagira aho izi mpande zihurira ngo ni uko nta ruhande rurumva ko rwafasha urundi.
Ubu hari amadini menshi ashingiye ku kwemera, na science nyinshi zishingira ku bushakashatsi bw’ibifatika (facts). Impande zombi zifite aho zigarukira ku mpamvu y’ibiriho.
Science isobanura ibifatika mu bushakashatsi bwakozwe n’ubugikowra ariko ntigere ku rufatiro rw’inkomoko n’impamvu. Amadini yo ntiyirirwa ajya mu bushakashatsi bwa science kuko yemeza ko itangiriro n’iherezo ari Imana, Imana ariko batabonye batanereka abahanga muri science.
Bamwe bati byose byararemwe abandi bati ntibyaremwe byagiye bihinduka bose hari aho batarenga mu gusobanura
Umunyamateka wo muri Israel witwa Noah Yuval Harari mu gitabo cye yise Sapiens yanditse ko ‘ubushakashatsi mu bya science burambye kandi bworoshye kumvwa bushobora kugerwaho ari uko bwifashishije ingengabitekerezo n’imyemerere ya kidini.’
Umuhanga muri filozifiya wibanda ku mateka y’ibitekerezo witwa John Gray wo mu Bwongereza yavuze ko ‘kwemera ko nta Mana ibaho nabyo bidafututse’
Taliki 22, Gashyantare, 2018, Umunyarwanda wigisha Filozofiya witwa Isaie Nzeyimana yabwiye Umuseke ko ‘ubumenyi budashobora gucuka ku Imana’.
Abahanga muri science bavuga ko amategeko agenga ibiriho ashingiye cyane cyane ku mibare n’ubugenge.
Ibitekerezo bya Darwin by’uko ibiriho byaturutse mu gukura (evolution) kw’ibinyabuzima bimwe bivamo ibindi (ibikururanda bikavamo ibiguruka…) byateje impaka mu bahanga ba Bibiliya bemeza ko ibiriho byose byaremwe n’Imana mu gihe cyabyo kandi mu buryo butandukanye.
Hari n’ibyo impande zombi zihuriraho
Icya mbere kigaragaza ko idini na science bifite aho bihuza ni icyo Bibiliya yita ‘inkomoko imwe ya muntu’.
Iyi ngingo yatumye abahanga batangira ubushakashatsi bwo kumenya aho abantu ba mbere batuye, ururimi bavugaga n’uko bagiye bagera hirya no hino.
Mu kinyejana cya 17 abahanga batangiye gukora ibyuma bireba kure mu kirere n’ibindi bireba uturemangingo kugira ngo berebe inkomoko ya Adam na Eva.
Ubundi buvumbuzi bwakurikiyeho mu buvuzi n’ahandi bwari bufite intego nkuru yo kureba uko bwakosora ingaruka Bibiliya yita ko zatewe n’icyaha cy’inkomoko.
Igice cya kabiri cy’igitabo cy’Intangiriro muri Bibiliya kivuga ko Imana irangije kureba yitegereje ibyo yakoze isanga biboneye iraruhuka.
Kuba ibintu Imana yarabiremye ku murongo kandi mu buhanga butangaje byatumye abahanga bagira amatsiko yo kwiga uko ibinyabuzima bikorana hagati yabyo. Iyi science bayita ‘ecology’.
Abahanga mu binyabuzima bamaze imyaka irenga ijana bibaza icyo bivuze ‘kuba umuntu’. Iki kibazo ariko hari inyandiko z’amadini zigisubiza.
Impaka hagati ya science n’idini bisa n’aho zitazashira, impamvu ikomeye zitarangira abahanga bamwe bavuga ko ari uko buri ruhande rudashaka kwisunga urundi, idini rikumva ibyaryo byuzuye kandi bihagije naho science yo ikaba ikomeje gushakisha.
Icyo muntu we akeneye ni ubumenyi buruseho bw’ingirakamaro ku mibereho ye.
Jean Pierre NIZEYIMANA
UMUSEKE.RW
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@Nizeyimana , urakoze kudusangiza iyi article nziza cyane yanditse nishimiye ko dusoma ibitabo bijya gusa. Gusa hari akantu nshaka kuvugaho mu nyandiko turabona ko ukoresha idini ariko ni irihe dini uvuga ? ese idini ni kimwe n’iyobokamana, cyangwa ubumenyi bujyannye no kwizera (ngerageje church ,religion, faith,spirituality) mu nyandiko sinasobanukiwe niba ijambo idini warikoresheje nka religion kuko hariho amadini menshi atandukanye , cyangwa washakaga kuvuga religion . Ikindi uravuga kuri bible ukayemeza nkigitabo kivuga ukuri kuzuye (kandi ibyinshi yaba abayikoresha cyangwa abayizi birazwi neza ko ibyinshi biyirimo ari ibintu bitabayeho, ibindi ari inkuru n’amateka zisanzwe z’umuco n’umuntu runaka ……ibi byaba mu idini ayizera cyangwa abahanga bose barabizi yewe baranabyigisha usibye ko umwe abyigisha yemeza ko bikwiye kugenderwaho na buri wese kuko ari ukuri abndi bakabyemeza ko byafasha abantu nkuko hari nibindi by’inkuru cyangwa amateka bifasha abantu ariko ko atari ukuri ntahinyuzwa ) aha munyumve neza simvuze ko bible ntacyo imaze kuko nigitabo gifite byinshi cyigisha bifitiye abantu akamaro kimwe na za korowani cyangwa ibindi bitabo , ese wakoresha amateka y’Urwanda n’Umuco usobanura imico n’amateka atandukanye ? ikindi wenda nuko bavuga ko Church (cyangwa religion) na science nta ruhande rushaka kwisunga urundi , iyi debate yo rwose iri hafi kurangira kuko science bitewe niterambere muri tecnology (computer engineering &programming including articifcial intelligence) muri biotechnology (genome) and neuroscience, ibyamadini cyangwa religion byabaye inkuru ishaje , ngirango niba wararangije kiriya gitabo cya Harari Homo sapiens nikindi yise Homo Deus, nikindi 21 Lessons for the 21st Century agaragaza ko idini (church) nta kamaro rigifiye society cyane kuko ibyo ryakoraga byose abantu babyikorera cyangwa science ikaba yaravuguruje amahame remezo benshi mu madini bitwazaga kubera ubumenyi bwari bukiri hasi (ndavuga science) kandi idini (catholique ) cyane cyane mu bihe byashize ariyo yari ifite ubuyobozi bityo nta freedom of speech yari ihari kuko hariho amahame atavuguruzwa nabahanga bagendera mu murongo watanzwe. ngirango Harari muri conclusion abisobanura neza muri iyi quote ” “History began when humans invented gods and will end when humans become gods” kuko bigaragara ko abantu bari hafi yo kurema no kugena imitekerereze y’umuntu no kuba bagenzura bakanagena uko utekrereza nuko witwara ( ngirango iyi conclusion baba abahanga bari religious muri sense yo kwemere Imana kuko nutemera Imana aba religious , abo twita abatemera ,abahakanyi, n’abandi batandukanye bayemeranywaho). Ubwo rero gufata idini ryemera ko nta debate cyangwa ubundi bushakashatsi bwakorwa, kuba hari ibitazwi ntibivuze ko bitazamenywa ariko gutsimbarara gusa ntibihagije uyu munsi niyo mpamvu amadini yabuze amajyo namaza kuri uyu murongo w’intekerezo, ariko ntibivuze ko amadini (bitandukanye na religion) nka institution yose idafite icyo amaze nkuko izindi institution zose zimeze. Kuba abahanga bamwe bari religious muri sense yo kwizera Imana (bafite belief in GoD/Gods) nabatayizera hanze y’imyizerere yabo bemeranya kumahame menshi ya gihanga (science) kuko nta debate igihari nka mbere (inkomoko ya Muntu yari Imana, nibindi byinshi bijyana nayo imwe gusa ,ifite ukuri kumwe gusa ,y’ingabo , ihana yihanukiriye ……..ikagira imbabazi……igahora abana gukiranirwa kwa base ……..ikagirwa ba bamwe gusa …..).
Urugero uzashake igitabo cya 12 rules of life cya Jordan Peterson (wemera imana …akaba clinical psychologist ) wumve aho agirana ibiganiro nuwo bita Sam Harris nawe wanditse igitabo cyitwa The moral landscape , nikindi Waking Up: A Guide to Spirituality Without Religion nabyo uzabanze ubisome kugirango noneho ukurikire debate yabo uyikurikire neza hanyume ukurikirane na Susan Blackmore vs peterson , Jordan Peterson and Matt Dillahunty aba ni abahanga bamwe bari influencial muri iyi minsi ubwo wenda nanze kuvuga ba chomosky ….. nabo bita Thomas piketty(economist) muri the capital of 21 century uhuza byinshi na Harari debate zabo zirigisha cyane kuko nabonye duhuje taste y’ibitabo dusoma , hari nikindi cya Jered Diamond COLLAPSE: HOW SOCIETIES CHOOSE TO FAIL OR SUCCEED, impamvu guhaye bariya nukugirango ukomeze udusangize ubumenyi kandi njye maze kubasoma byaramfashije cyane nabandi babibasha babikora.
Ikibazo gikomeye aho kivira nukuvuga ngo “Do we need god to make sense of life ” ngerageje ese dukeneye imana (ifite ibisobanuro bitandukanye) kugirango tubeho mubuzima twishimiye ? kuba idini (catholic nandi afite iyo myemerere) ridasobanura icyaha cy’inkomoko icyaricyo , ntibasobanure Imana kuko nayo bemeza ko ntayo bazi arikobemera ko iriho (kwizera ko ikintu kiriho ntibivuze ko ari kuri ), Imana ikaba inyembabazi kandi ikanahana nibindi byinshi bakoreshaga muri bible kuko utari gukora ibinyuranyije nabyo kubera igih ekirekire bikajya mu mitwe y’abantu ntibivuze ko bible ibyo ivuga byose ari ukuri (kuko n’amateka yanditswe n’abafana b’imyemerere runaka bakurikiye Yezu bagafata ubuyobozi bwo mu isi ,bakica abo badahuje kwemera bakandika amateka y’uwatsinze intambara nkuko nubundi nubu bigenda cyane ko ibyanditswe bitanditswe mugihe byabaga ngirango abagiye mu maseminari cyangwa binjiye muri izi nyigisho barabizi nanjye ……) iki nicyo gituma batemeranya ariko bitavuze ko nta values nziza muri iki gitabo zafasha abantu kubaho neza niyo mpamvu natanze reference kugirango ushaka yiyumvire hanyuma yiyungure ubwenge bwa mufasha kubona isi aho igana. Ikibazo kiri hagati spirituality, religion, science mukubuna meaning and purpose of life (kurenza irema …) ari nabyo aba bibandaho cyane . Mu kumva aba bagabo nuko harimo Psychologist (Peterson , wemera Imana : asobanura kuburyo bwe kandi akaba yarakoze interpretation ya bible akurikije ubuhanga muri psychology wabibona kuri youtube : Biblical series ) hakaza Sam Harris (neurologist, wumuhakanyi …….) nabariya bandi hagati ya Peterson nabo nibanze kuri peterson kuko muri iyi minsi niwe uhagaze ku mana cyane ariko akabisobanura kuburyo bifasha umuntu kumva bible , hakaza Pikety na Harari bo berekana byinshi mubintu byabayeho naho isi igana mu buryo bwa economy n’amateka) from historical , economic perspectives nabariya bandi kandi bakuvugamo ibyimyemerere irimo Imana na Science.
Abandi nabo bafite akanya ko kwihugura
https://www.youtube.com/user/JordanPetersonVideos (1& 2 : 12 RULES OF LIFE)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-5RCmu-HuTg (12 Rules for life )
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AscPHmLWo-M&t=8968s : 12 rules for life
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jey_CzIOfYE : Sam Harris vs Peterson
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=syP-OtdCIho : Blackmore vs Peterson
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t5Y2CwCsnbA&t=259s : Yval Harari
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4ChHc5jhZxs&t=2232s
NB: sibivuze ko ibitekezo byabo byose ariko byemera ariko kuko harimo debates bifasha kwihugura
Asante sana Nizeyimana
Niba umuntu ari we kiremwa kizi ubwenge kurusha ibindi, none ubwenge bugaragara mu kurem umuntu bwaba barakozwe n’ihinduriza? Ihinduriza ryaba rirusha umuntu ubwenge? Ba ogiteri bajya kwiga ibyerekeye ijisho ry’umuntu cyangwa ibindi bice bityo bakamara imyaka myinshi babyiga bagasanga byarakoranwe ubwenge buhambaye kugirango byose byuzuzanye n’umubiri wose; ese byakozwe n’ubwihindurize? Ubwihindurize nibwo bwahaye gahunda izuba, ukwezi n’inyenyeri? Bibaye byo umuntu nawe yabasha guha gahunda ibyo biyega!!!!!!!!!!!!.
Murakoze cyane Umuseke.com kwandika kuli Science na Bible.Ndifuza ko dufata ingero,tukareba niba koko Bible idahuza na Science.Turebe Evolution na Creation.Scientists benshi,barimo Newton na Einstein,bemera Bible kandi bakemera Irema (Creation).Scientists babihakana,barimo Charles DARWIN,wemeraga Evolution (Ubwihindurize) kandi ntiyemere Bible.Mu gitabo yanditse cyitwa Origin of Species,nawe ubwe yaribazaga ati niba hatarabayeho Irema (Creation),kuki hariho Ibitsina 2,Male and Female??.
Facts zerekana ko ikintu cyose kigira “inkomoko” (origin).Mu gihe Evolution yigisha ko ibintu byaturutse “ku busa” (existence from nothing).
Ibyo ntibishoboka nkuko Science nayo ibyemeza.Nyamara Bible,muli Abaheburayo 3:4,haravuga ngo:”Inzu yose igira umuntu wayubatse.Ariko uwubatse ibintu byose,ni Imana”.Murebe “order” iba mu isi.Urugero,ukuntu Inyenyeri Billions and Billions zigenda zihuta cyane,ntizigongane (collision).Murebe Digestion y’ibyo turya,ukuntu murongorana muli babiri,mukabyara undi muntu?Ubwo koko mwumva ibyo byarizanye??
Dufate URUGERO rwumvikana neza.Evolution yigisha ko dukomoka ku “ngagi”.Naho Bible,muli Genesis 1:25,ikavuga ngo:” God created animals according to their species”.SCIENCE yerekana ko inyamaswa “zibyarana” aruko zituruka muli “same species”.Bisobanura ko Ingangi itabyarana n’Umuntu,kuko badahuje “species”.Byerekana nta gushidikanya ko Umuntu adaturuka ku Ingagi,kubera ko tutabyarana nayo.
CONCLUSION: Bible ihuza na SCIENCE buri gihe.Biriya bya GALILEE wavuga ko “Isi igenda”,si Bible yibeshyaga.Ahubwo ni Abanyamadini b’icyo gihe bavugaga ko “Isi itagenda” (Geocentrism).Nyuma yaho,Vatican yasabye imbabazi zo kuba yaricishije Galillee kandi ariwe wavugaga ukuri.Aho guta igihe twiyemera,tujye twiga neza Bible,iduhindure,dushake Imana dushyizeho umwete,kugirango tuzarokoke ku Munsi w’Imperuka.Ni Imana ubwayo ibidusaba muli Zefaniya 2,umurongo wa 11.Abayumvira,izabazura kuli uwo Munsi,ibahe ubuzima bw’iteka muli Paradizo.Ni Yesu ubwe wabivuze muli Yohana 6,umurongo wa 40.The Bible is trustworthy.
Ariko kuki tutemera ko Bible yahumetswe n,Imana Ariko ugasanga abantu bemera za magie nibindi twumva hano hanze by,imyuka mibi birazwi nibintu bibaho bya force magic nimba ibyo bintu bikora sous condition kuki tutemera ko Hari ikibiruta kuko harabatabyizera Kandi barabinesha so muri make niba imbaraga z,umwijima zikora tugomba kumenya ko Hari imbaraga z,umuco ziziruta la science fait partie y,ubushobozi bwi Mana kuko n,ubwenge bwa Bantu imana yaremye munyihanganire si ntanze ingero za banditsi bi bitabo kuko nabo bandika bitavuze ko arukuri ukuri nemera no kumwe kuri mugitabo cy,Imana Bible kuko nticyanditswe kubwubushake bwu muntu murakoze
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