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Tariki 15 Nzeri buri mwaka ONU/UN yayigeneye umunsi wahariwe Demokarasi hagamijwe kurushaho kwimakaza ihame ryayo, impuguke muri politike zisanga kuri Afrika hakiri imbogamizi zikibangamiye amahame ya demokarasi harimo imvururu zikurikira amatora, kwikubira ubutegetsi no guhonyora abatavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi na za Coup d’Etat zikigaragara.
Gusa Abanyafurika bakeneye kuzamura imyumvire ko igihugu bagisangiye, abayobozi bakamenya uko babana n’abatavuga rumwe na bo. Ibi ngo bizajyana no kugena demokarasi bifuza kuri buri gihugu aho gufata intwaro ngo bahangane n’abo batavuga rumwe.
Inteko rusange y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye yateranye tariki 8 Ugushyingo 2007 yemeje ko buri mwaka tariki 15 Nzeri hazajya hizihizwa umunsi mpuzamahanga wahariwe demokarasi. Icyari kigamijwe kwari uguteza imbere amahame yayo, umwaka wa 2021 uyu munsi urizihizwa ku nshuro ya 13 nyuma y’uko wizihijwe bwa mbere 2008.
Mu kwizihiza uyu munsi, UMUSEKE wifuje kumenya byinshi kuri demokarasi nyafurika, ese ihagaze he? Harabura iki ngo amahame ya demokarasi yimakazwe muri Afurika? Hakorwa iki ngo igerweho? Hifashishijwe impuguke muri politike akaba n’umwarimu muri kaminuza, Dr. Ismael Buchanan asobanura byinshi kuri iyi ngingo.
Demokarasi ni iki?
Dr. Ismael Buchanan, asobanura demokarasi nk’uburenganzira bw’abaturage bishyiriraho ubuyobozi, ubuyobozi bugakorera abaturage, aho buri wese aba yisanzuye. Kuri we nta kintu ubuyobozi bwakemeje mu gihe cyose abaturage batabigizemo uruhare.
Demokarasi igira amahame agiye atandukanye, nk’imiyoborere myiza, ubwisanzure mu matora, n’ibindi.
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Ku mugabane w’Afurika hari intambwe imaze guterwa mu kwimakaza amahame ya demokarasi, gusa hamwe na hamwe haracyarimo ibibazo nk’aho amatora aba umuyobozi utowe ugasanga hari abatamwumva bigateza imvururu. Dr. Ismael Buchanan arabisobanura.
Ati “Iyo urebye amateka Afurika yabayemo hari impinduka, amahame agenda ahinduka andi yiyongeramo. Hamwe na hamwe haracyarimo ibibazo, nko mu matora usanga perezida watowe bamwe batamwiyumvamo bitewe n’imibereho, imiterere, amateka n’imyumvire, bigatuma habaho imvururu. Urebye Coup d’Etat zabagaho mbere ubu zaragabanutse nubwo zigihari. Ubu igihugu usanga gifite abaperezida barenze umwe ibintu bitigeze bibaho kuko bamwe bavagaho aruko umwe ahitanye mugenzi we.”
Akomeza asobanura ko hari abayobozi bamwe na bamwe bakirangwa no kwikubira ubuyobozi.
Yagize ati “Hari ibihugu bimwe na bimwe aho abayobozi bayobora badakurikije amategeko ugasanga bagiyeho mu buryo navuga ko ari igitugu, hakabaho kwikubara nubwo bidakabije. Impinduka ziriho kuko imyumvire igenda ihinduka, bamwe bakwiye kwigirwaho kuko hari intambwe bateye.”
Ese Afurika ikwiye gukora ite ngo ihame ryayo ryuhabirizwe?
Kuri Dr. Isamel Buchanan, Afurika ikwiye kumva ko igihugu baba bagisangiye, ntibikubire ubuyobozi ahubwo bakamenya uko babana n’abatavuga rumwe nabo.
Ati “Tugomba kumva ko igihugu tugisangiye, kugisangira si uguhuza imyumvire ahubwo ni uburyo ibibazo bikemurwamo hamenywa uburyo babana n’abatavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi. Ntitwirengagize abatavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi barangwa n’imvugo n’ibikorwa bitari byiza bituma impande zombi zihora zihanganye.”
Akomeza agira ati “Abantu bakwiye kwiga, bakamenya koroherana, bakumva neza demokarasi icyaricyo. Niba baremeye amatora bagomba kumenya uko gusimburana ku buyobozi bigenda, aho buri wese agira ubwisanzure mu matora.”
“Amahame ya demokarasi arahura ku ruhando mpuzamahanga, gusa ntago dukwiye kwiga ibyabaye Amerika ngo tubizane mu Rwanda. Niba abantu bajya mu muhanda bagatera amabuye perezida wabo ntago ibyo dukwiye kubikora ngo nuko badutanze kumenya ihame rya demokarasi.”
Ashimangira ko abantu bari mu ruhande rutavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi nta burenganzira bafite bwo gufata intwaro ngo bahangane n’abari ku buyobozi kuko demokarasi ari uguca bugufi no koroherana mu kugeza abaturage aho bagiye. Uburenganzira bukwiye kwegurirwa abaturage bakigenera aba bayobora, bityo ngo guca inzira y’ubusamo ushaka kuvangura abantu ntibikwiye. Gusa ntibivuze ko ubuyobozi bukwiye kuvuga ko uruhande rutavuga rumwe ntacyo rumaze mu gihe abaturage ariko babyifuza.
Kwigira intagondwa ukajya mu ishyamba gufata intwaro iyo nta demokarasi irimo!
Impuguke muri politike akaba n’umusesenguzi wayo, Dr. Ismael Buchanan, asanga intambara zo zitazabura ku Isi mu gihe cyose hari ikiremwa muntu, kuko uretse iy’amasasu hazabaho iyo kurwanya ubukene, ubujiji, ikoranabuhanga n’ibindi, bityo demokarasi ntikuraho ko abantu bahangana n’ikintu kibananiye. Gusa abigira intagondwa bakajya mu ishyamba bakica abantu, ibyo ntago byabitindwaho si demokarasi.
Ati “Imitwe y’iterabwoba yo ntiwayigereranya na demokarasi yananiranye kuko biterwa ni inyungu za bamwe. Gute wakica abantu ukavuga ko uri guharanira demokarasi, kandi tubizi ko ari amahoro n’ubworoherane kandi igashingira ku bitekerezo binyuranye.”
Asanga ikintu kizakemura ibibazo by’imitwe y’iterabwoba ari ukwimakaza ihame rya demokarasi, bityo gushyira hamwe no gutabarana muri Afurika nicyo gisubizo.
Yagize ati “Nizera ko habayeho ubufatanye no kwimakaza ihame rya demokarasi habaho gufatanya mu guhangana abarihungabanya. Birasaba ubufatanye bw’Afurika, kumva ibintu kimwe ndetse no gutabarana. Urugero ni u Rwanda rwahagurutse rukajya gutabara muri Centrafurika kuko mu gihe cy’amatora, aha nuko rwumvaga neza ko abaturage bagomba gutora bafite amahoro.”
Kwikemurira ibibazo nk’Afurika ubwayo abandi bakaza ari abafatanya bikorwa ihame rya demokarasi rizaba ryumvikana. Ibibazo by’uyu mugabane ntago bizakemurwa n’ibihugu by’ibihangange byumva ko Afurika izigishwa demokarasi nabyo, gusa ubufatanye n’ibihugu by’amahanga burakenewe.
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NKURUNZIZA Jean Baptiste / UMUSEKE.RW
