Imyaka ibaye itanu Perezida Paul Kagame atangiye kuyobora Igihugu kuri manda ya gatatu yasabwe n’abaturage, Ishyaka PSP ryamushyigikiye mu matora y’Umukuru w’Igihugu ya 2017, ritewe ishema n’ibikorwa amaze kugeza ku Banyarwanda muri iki gihe.
Iri shyaka ryatanze umusanzu waryo mu kubaka igihugu hagamijwe iterambere ry’umuturage.
Uko niko kandi mu bihe bitandukanye rihugura abanyamuryango hagamijwe kubasobanurira uruhare rwabo mu iterambere.
Ubwo ku wa 22 Mutarama, 2022 abayobozi b’ishyaka PSP bahugurwaga, bishimiye ibimaze kugerwaho ndetse banasuzuma gahunda zatangijwe n’iri shyaka zirimo iya Sasa Neza Munyarwandakazi, na gahunda y’Agakono k’Umwana igamije kurwanya imirire mibi n’igwingira mu bana. Iri shyaka ryishimira ko izi gahunda zatanze umusaruro mwiza ku Banyarwanda.
Muri ayo mahugurwa kandi hashimwe ibyagezweho n’Umukuru w’Igihugu, Perezida Paul Kagame ishyaka n’abanyamuryango bashyigikiye mu matora yo mu mwaka wa 2017.
Iri shyaka rirashima ibikorwa remezo birimo imihanda yubatswe, ikibuga cy’indege, ubukerarugendo bugenda butera imbere, ndetse n’ibindi bikorwa Perezida Paul Kagame amaze kugeza ku Banyarwanda.
Muri Kanama 2017 nibwo Perezida Kagame yahawe inshingano zo kuyobora Igihugu nyuma y’uko bisabwe n’Abanyarwanda hirya no hino mu gihugu, basabye Inteko Ishinga Amategeko kuvugurura Itegeko Nshinga.
Icyo gihe wari umunsi udasanzwe cyane ko wari umuhango witabiriwe n’abasaga ibihumbi 30 barimo ba Perezida b’ibihugu, abakuru ba Guverinoma n’abandi Bayobozi Bakuru.
Ni umuhango wabereye muri Stade Amahoro na yo yari yuzuye abantu baturutse mu mpande zose z’igihugu, ubanzirizwa n’akarasisi ka gisikare.
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Kuva mu mwaka wa 2017 kugeza muri 2022 hari ibikorwa byinshi byakozwe n’Umukuru w’Igihugu buri Munyarwanda wese yakwishimira kuba bimaze kugerwaho.
Bimwe mu bikorwa PSP (Ishyaka ry’Ubwisungane bugamije Iterambere) rigarukaho
Manda ya Gatatu ya Perezida Paul Kagame yatangiye mu mwaka 2017, ni manda ihurirana n’icyerekezo u Rwanda rwihaye kiva mu mwaka wa 2017 kikazageza mu mwaka wa 2024, umwaka kandi Perezida Kagame azasorezaho iyi manda.
Ubusanzwe mbere y’uko u Rwanda rwiha icyerekezo cya 2017-2024 nka gahunda ya Guverinoma yo kwihutisha iterambere (NST1), rwari rwarihaye icyerekezo cya 2000-2020. Ni icyerekezo cyakozwemo byinshi ndetse bituma na Guverinoma ishyiraho gahunda yo kwihutisha iterambere NST1 iva mu mwaka wa 2017 -2024.
Iyi gahunda igamije kwihutisha iterambere rirambye, kandi rigera kuri bose, rishingiye ku bufatanye bw’Inzego zinyuranye: iza Leta, Abikorera, Imiryango itari iya Leta, Sosiyete Sivile, Amadini n’Amatorero, ndetse n’abaturage ubwabo.
Iyi yashingiye kuri bimwe mu bikorwa byihariye Nyakubahwa Paul Kagame yasezeranyije Abanyarwanda, hagati ya tariki ya 14/7/2017 n’iya 2/8/2017, ubwo yari mu bikorwa byo kwiyamamariza kongera gutorerwa kuba Perezida wa Repubulika y’u Rwanda.
Ibikorwa by’ingezi bigize Gahunda ya Guverinoma y’imyaka 7 (2017-2024) bikubiye mu nkingi eshatu ari zo: Ubukungu, Imibereho myiza y’Abaturage n’Imiyoborere ari na byo umuntu yavuga ko Umukuru w’Igihugu yibanzeho mu guteza imbere igihugu.
Guhanga imirimo itandukanye idashingiye ku buhinzi yazamuye Ubukungu
Intego ya Guverinoma ni ukurushaho kwihutisha iterambere ry’ubukungu bushingiye ku ishoramari ry’Abikorera, ku bumenyi no ku mutungo kamere w’Igihugu kandi butagira uwo buheza.
Kugira ngo iyi ntego izagerweho, byari biteganyijwe ko hazahangwa imirimo mishya ibyara inyungu igera nibura kuri miliyoni n’igice (1.500.000) hagamijwe kuzamura ubukungu bw’Igihugu.
Ubwo ku wa 22 Kamena 2021 Minisitiri w’Imari n’Igenamigambi, Dr. Uzziel Ndagijimana yatangarizaga Inteko Ishinga Amategeko ingano y’ingengo y’imari y’umwaka wa 2021 -2022, igera kuri Miliyari 3,807 z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda, yakomoje ku bukungu bw’igihugu ko bwazamutse, buvuye kuri 3.4% munsi ya 0 mu mpera y’umwaka wa 2020, bugera kuri 3.5% hejuru ya 0.
Icyo gihe Minisitiri w’Imari n’Igenamigambi yavuze ko ubukungu bw’u Rwanda buzazamuka kuri 5.1% muri uyu mwaka wose n’ubwo hari impungenge z’icyorezo cya Covid-19. Avuga ko mu mwaka utaha buziyongera kuri 7% ndetse mu myaka ya 2023 na 2024 bukaziyongera kuri 7.8% nk’umuvuduko bwahozeho mbere y’iyaduka rya Covid-19.
Dr. Ndagijimana yavuze hari ibikorwa by’ingenzi byagezweho harimo no kuba imiryango isaga 119, 296 yo mu Mirenge 416 yarahawe akazi muri gahunda y’imirimo rusange ya VUP ugereranyije n’isaga 118, 873 yari iteganyijwe.
Ni mu gihe ibarura rya Minisiteri y’Abakozi ba Leta n’Umurimo (Mifotra) rigaragaza ko mu 2017, imirimo mishya yahanzwe yari 155, 994 naho mu 2018 igera ku 206, 190. Mu 2019 hahanzwe imirimo 223, 781 mu gihe mu 2020 imirimo yahanzwe yose hamwe yari 192, 171.
Kuvugurura Imijyi yunganira Kigali, yubakwamo ibikorwa remezo…
Mu bindi kandi Guverinoma yari yihayemo intego ni ukwihutisha iterambere rirambye ry’Imijyi hagamijwe guteza imbere ubukungu n’imibereho myiza y’abaturage.
Byari biteganyijwe ko ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’ibishushanyombonera by’Imijyi yunganira Kigali (Secondary cities) n’indi Mijyi rigomba kwihutishwa by’umwihariko, hashyirwaho imishinga yihariye ijyanye n’umwihariko wa buri Mujyi kugira ngo birusheho kwihutisha iterambere ryayo.
Mu mwiherero w’Abayobozi Bakuru wabaye ku wa 26 Gashyantare kugeza ku wa 1 Werurwe 2018, nyuma y’umwaka umwe Perezida Kagame afashe inshingano zo kuyobora igihugu, hafashwe umwanzuro wo gushyigikira iterambere ry’imijyi hahurizwayo ibikorwa remezo, hashyirwa ibyicaro by’ibigo bya Leta haherewe kuri bimwe mu byari bihasanzwe, hakanashyirwaho inzego zishinzwe imicungire y’Imijyi.
Bidatinze mu mwaka wa 2019 ibigo bitandukanye bya Leta byatangiye kwimura ibyicaro byabyo biva mu Mujyi wa Kigali byerekaza mu Ntara.
Mu Mujyi wa Huye hoherejwe Ikigo gishinzwe Iterambere ry’ubuhinzi n’Ubworozi (RAB), Inama y’Igihugu y’Amashuri Makuru na za Kaminuza (HEC) n’ishami ry’ubushakashatsi mu Kigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ubushakashatsi n’Iterambere mu byerekeye inganda (NIRDA).
Ikigo cya Leta gishinzwe guteza imbere Ubumenyingiro n’imyigishirize y’imyuga (Rwanda Polytechnic), Ikigo cy’Ingoro z’umurage w’u Rwanda n’ishami rya Kaminuza y’u Rwanda.
Mu mujyi wa Muhanga hoherejwe Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Amahugurwa mu by’Imicungire y’Abakozi n’Umutungo (RMI) n’Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe gutera imbere Amakoperative (RCA).
I Nyagatare hakomeje kuba ishami rya Kaminuza y’u Rwanda. I Musanze ho hashyizwe Komisiyo y’Igihugu y’Itorero (NIC), Komisiyo y’Ubumwe n’Ubwiyunge (NURC), Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo gusezerera Abasirikare no kubasubiza mu buzima busanzwe n’ishami rya Kaminuza y’u Rwanda i Busogo.
Mu Mujyi wa Rusizi hashyizwe ishami rya Kaminuza y’u Rwanda, i Karongi hashyirwa Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe Igororamuco naho mu Karere ka Ngororero hashyirwa Ikigo gishinzwe Amashyamba. Ibi byose bishimangira intego ya Guverinoma yo guteza imbere igihugu.
Muri iyo Mijyi yunganira Kigali, yashowemo miliyoni 100$ hubakwa imihanda na ruhurura zitandukanye. Hubatswe imihanda y’ibilometero 28,3 na ruhurura zireshya n’ibilometero 13.3; byatwaye miliyoni 28$. Icya kabiri cyubatswemo imihanda ireshya na kilometero 43.69 na ruhurura za kilometero 12.015, cyatangiye mu Ukuboza 2018, kizasozwa muri Nyakanga 2021.
Muri miliyari 160 z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda, Umujyi wa Kigali wagenewe miliyoni 40.2$, mu bikorwa bizatangira mu mwaka w’ingengo y’imari ya 2021-2022.
Nta muntu ukigorwa no gutega imodoka, inganda zarubatswe…
Mu bindi ni uko serivisi zo gutwara abantu n’ibintu mu Mijyi no mu cyaro byarushaho gutezwa imbere. Ni muri urwo rwego mu Mujyi wa Kigali hari hateganyijwe ko hashyirwaho inzira zihariye za bisi zitwara abantu zifite uburebure bwa Km 22 hagamijwe kugabanya igihe abantu bajyaga bamara bategereje bisi ndetse, hamwe na hamwe mu bice by’Umujyi wa Kigali imihanda yatangiye kubakwa.
Mu rwego rwo kurushaho guteza imbere ubukungu ni uko hirya no hino mu gihugu inganda zagiye zitera imbere hagamijwe kongera ibyoherezwa mu mahanga (Goods and services) kugira ngo bizagere nibura kuri 17% buri mwaka.
Hirya no hino mu gihugu haguye hubakwa ahantu hahariwe inganda ari nako hirindwa kwangiza ibidukikije.
Ubukerarugendo bwaragutse n’ibihanganye bisura u Rwanda …
Usibye kongera serivisi zitangwa no kubaka inganda hirya no hino mu gihugu, umusaruro ukomoka mu bukerarugendo byari biteganyijwe ko ugomba kwikuba kabiri ukagera kuri miliyoni 800 USD uvuye kuri miliyoni 404USD.
Kugira ngo bigerweho, mu mwaka wa 2018 Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Iterambere mu Rwanda, RDB, binyuze mu kigo gishinzwe guteza imbere ubukerarugendo bushingiye ku nama, Rwanda Convention Bureau, cyinjiye mu bufatanye n’ikipe ya Arsenal FC yo mu Bwongereza, bugamije kumenyekanisha u Rwanda nk’icyerekezo gikomeye cy’ubukerarugendo, binyuze mu gushyira amagambo Visit Rwanda ku maboko y’imyenda yayo. Kuva icyo gihe abasura u Rwanda bagiye barushaho kwiyongera umunsi ku wundi.
Ndetse amasezerano nk’ayo u Rwanda rwayasinyanye n’ikipe ikomeye I Burayi ya Paris St Germain.
Ikibuga cy’Indege cya Bugesera mu byo Umukuru w’Igihugu yagejeje ku Banyarwanda…
Nta gushidikanya ko Ikibuga Mpuzamahanga cya Bugesera kiri mu byerekana iterambere u Rwanda rugenda rugeraho. Ni ikibuga kuzunganira ibindi bisanzwe imbere mu gihugu nk’icya Kigali kiri i Kanombe ndetse n’icya Kamembe mu Karere ka Rusizi.
Muri Nzeri 2016, nibwo u Rwanda rwasinyanye amasezerano na Sosiyete y’Ubwubatsi yo muri Portugal yitwa “Mota Engil Engenharia e Construcao Africa”, kugira ngo izubake icyo kibuga. Biteganyijwe ko kubaka iki kubuga bizatwara amadorali miliyoni 820$.
Ubwubatsi bw’icyo kibuga bwari bwashyizwe mu byiciro. Icya mbere cyagombaga gutwara miliyoni 418 z’Amadorali ya Amerika, byari biteganyijwe ko kizaba cyuzuye mu Ukuboza 2019.
Nyuma y’icyo cyiciro hagombaga gukurikiraho ibikorwa byo kwagura ahamaze gukorwa, byari byaragenewe agera miliyoni 400 z’amadolari byose; ku buryo cyari gukoreshwa u Rwanda rwakira inama ya Commonwealth muri Kamena 2020.
Nta gihindutse, umwaka wa 2022 uzasiga u Rwanda rufite Ikibuga cy’Indege cya Bugesera kiri ku buso buruta ubwa bimwe mu bibuga by’indege bikomeye ku Isi.
Ntibagicana agatadowa, amashanyarazi yarahageze…
Muri gahunda u Rwanda rwihaye muri gahunda yarwo y’imyaka irindwi (NST1) ya 2017-2024 ni uko ruzaba rufite Megawatt zingana na 556 kandi buri munyarwanda wee akaba agerwaho n’amashanyarazi.
Ubwo ku wa 22 Kamena 2021 Minisitiri w’Imari n’Igenamigambi Minisitirii, Dr Uzziel Ndagijimana, yagaragarizaga Inteko Ishinga Amategeko imitwe yombi ingano y’ingengo y’imari y’umwaka wa 2021 -2022, yatangaje ko ingo zimaze kubona umuriro w’amashanyarazi zigeze ku gipimo cya 63% ugereranyije n’intego u Rwanda rwihaye muri gahunda yarwo y’imyaka irindwi (NST1) ya 2017-2024 biteganyijwe ko abaturage bazaba bafite umuriro w’amashanyari bangana 100%.
Mu rwego rwo kongera ingo zifite amashanyarazi, Minisitiri w’Imari n’Igenamigambi yavuze ko Ingo ibihumbi 162 zabonye amashanyarazi ashamikiye ku miyoboro mugari mu gihe ibigo 1000 na byo byahawe amashanyarazi.
Muri rusange igipimo cy’ingo zifite amashanyarazi kigeze kuri 63 % harimo 46% ashamikiye ku murongo mugari w’amashanyarazi na 17% zifite amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y’izuba. Imishinga ihanzwe amaso izasiga buri Umunyarwanda agerwaho n’amashanyarazi imwe yararangiye indi iracyubakwa.
Amazi kuri bose, imwe mu mihigo y’Umukuru w’Igihugu…
Umuntu kimwe nk’ibindi biremwa bikenera amazi, umunsi ku wundi, mu buzima bwa buri munsi umuntu akanera amazi kugira ngo akomeze kubaho.
Muri gahunda y’Igihugu y’Iterambere (NST1), u Rwanda rwihaye intego ko mu 2024, abaturage bose bazaba bagerwaho n’amazi meza mu gihe kuri ubu abagera kuri 86% ari bo bayabona.
Urugendo rwo kugeza amazi ku Banyarwanda rurakomje aho mu bindi bice by’igihugu hazubakwa inganda zirimo iza Gihira muri Rubavu ruzajya rutanga metero kibe ibihumbi 15, Moya muri Rusizi, Mushogoro muri Karongi, Muhazi muri Gatsibo, Ngoma muri Nyagatare, Sake muri Ngoma, Busogwe muri Nyanza n’ahandi.
Umujyi wa Kigali nka hamwe hakunze kurangwa n’ibura ry’amazi rya hato na hato hubatswe imiyoboro itandukanye hagamijwe gukemura icyo kibazo. Mu rwego rwo gukemura ikibazo cy’amazi adahagije mu Mujyi wa Kigali, WASAC yashoye asaga miliyoni 66 z’amadolari mu kwagura inganda zitunganya amazi no kubaka inshya.
Izo nganda ni Nzove I, Nzove II na Nzove III, buri ruganda rukaba rwaragombaga gutanga metero kibe ibihumbi 40 ku munsi.
Uburezi kuri bose, imihigo irakomeje…
Ubwo Perezida Kagame yajyaga kuri uwo mwanya, hari icyuho kinini mu burezi aho hagaragara umubare munini w’abanyeshuri baganaga ishuri ndetse n’amashuri yari akiri make.
Kuva mu mwaka wa 2017 ibigo by’amashuri y’incuke mu mu Rwanda byari 3.186, mu 2019 bigera ku 3.210 naho mu 2020 byari 3.401. Mu mwaka wa 2024 ubwitabire bw’abagna ishuri mu mwaka wa 2020 Ubwitabire bwari bugeze kuri 24,6%, mu gihe intego ari uko bwagera kuri 45% mu 2024.
Usibye inshuke, abanza, n’ayisumbuye yagiye atezwa imbere. Mu 2018 hari ibigo by’amashuri abanza gusa 1.800 byaje kugera ku 1.844 mu 2019; ibiriho uburezi bw’ibanze bw’imyaka icyenda biva kuri 615 biba 594 naho iby’ubw’imyaka 12 biva kuri 494 biba 523.
Ni ukuvuga ko byose hamwe byavuye ku 2.877 mu 2017 biba 2.909 mu 2018, bigera kuri 2,963 mu mwaka wa 2019.
Nko mu 2017 ubwo Perezida Kagame yatorerwaga manda ye ya gatatu, ibyumba by’amashuri kuri ibyo bigo byari 31.927, mu mwaka wakurikiyeho bigera ku 32.548 .
Ikoranabuhanga mu mashuri mu byateje imbere ireme ry’Uburezi…
Mu 2008 ni bwo leta yatangije gahunda ya “One Laptop per Child” hagamijwe kuvugurura imyigire y’abo mu mashuri abanza ikajyana n’ikoranabuhanga.
Imibare y’inzego z’uburezi mu Rwanda igaragaza ko mu bigo by’amashuri 1523 byo hirya no hino mu gihugu hatanzwe mudasobwa zisaga ibihumbi 275.
Imibare y’Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ibarurishamibare yerekana ko abazi gukoresha mudasobwa mu bafite imyaka iri hagati ya 15 na 24 bavuye ku 6.5% mu 2010 bagera ku 10.9 mu 2014, mu 2017 baba 10.5% naho mu 2020 bari bageze kuri 15.2%.
Nibura kugeza mu 2019, amashuri y’uburezi bw’ibanze bw’imyaka icyenda agera kuri 260 kuri 2499 yari amaze kugezwamo internet ugereranyije na 724 yisumbuye.
Abiga imyuga bitaweho, ntibakibura umurimo…
Leta yatangiye gahunda yo guteza imbere amashuri y’imyuga yo ku rwego rw’ayisumbuye nk’uko bikubiye muri Gahunda yo kwihutisha Iterambere (NST1: 2017-2024). Biteganyijwe ko umubare w’abiga muri iki cyiciro uzagera kuri 60% by’abanyeshuri barangiza icyiciro rusange. Hari intego y’uko nibura mu 2024 buri murenge wazaba ufite ishuri rimwe.
Mu mwaka wa 2019 ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko 64,9% by’abarangiza muri TVET na 75,2% by’abarangiza mu yo ku rwego rwa kaminuza (polytechnique) babona akazi nibura mu mezi atandatu barangije amashuri.
Ubushomeri mu barangiza muri ayo masomo bwavuye ku 18.7% mu 2017 buramanuka buba 17.4% mu 2018, na ho mu 2019 bwari bugeze ku 15.4%.
COVID-19 mu byo Umukuru w’Igihugu yahanganye na byo…
Nubwo ntawushidikanya iterambere rimaze kugerwaho kuva Umukuru w’Igihugu arahiriye kuyobora Abanyarwanda, nta wakwirengagiza ko icyorezo cya COVID-19 cyakomye mu nkokora bimwe mu bikorwa by’iterambere ry’Igihugu.
Muri Werurwe 2020 nibwo Guverinoma y’u Rwanda yafashe ingamba zikarishye zo guhangana no kwirinda ikwirakwira ryo Coronavirus zarimo no guhagarika ibikorwa bituma abantu bahurira hamwe birimo iby’ubucuruzi, butandukanye uretse ubw’ibiribwa n’imiti.
Abantu basabwe kuguma mu rugo ndetse imipaka irafungwa bituma abakora ubucuruzi bahomba, ndetse n’imirimo itandukanye yinjirizaga abantu mafaranga irahagarara.
Gusa mu rwego rwo guhangana n’ingaruka zayo Minisiteri y’Ubucuruzi n’Inganda (MINCOM), yashyizeho ingamba z’igihe gito n’igihe kirekire zo guhangana n’ingaruka za COVID-19 ku bukungu zirimo gusubiza umusoro ku nyongeragaciro ku bigo bito n’ibiciriritse kugira ngo ubucuruzi bukomeze, kuvugurura inguzanyo no kwishyura muri banki z’ubucuruzi n’ibindi.
Mu rwego rwo kuzamura ubukungu no kugoboka ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi byashegeshwe cyane n’ingaruka z’icyorezo cya COVID-19, Guverinoma y’u Rwanda yashyizeho Ikigega cyo Kuzahura Ubukungu (Economic Recovery Fund/ ERF ) cya miriyari 101 z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda, nyuma hongewemo andi miliyari 300Frw.
Ibigo by’ubucuruzi bito n’ibiciriritse (SMEs), bifite ubucuruzi buri hagati y’amafaranga miriyoni 20 na miriyoni 500, byagenewe miriyari 15Frw yo kubizahura.
Ubucuruzi buto cyane (Micro businesses) buri munsi y’amafaranga miriyoni 20 ku mwaka, bwagenewe inguzanyo ya miriyari imwe. Ibi byose bigakorwa hagamijwe ko ubukungu bw’Igihugu budasubira inyuma.
Ni byinshi icyorezo cya Coronavirus cyagizeho ingaruka, byitezwe ko ubukungu bw’Igihugu buzongera kuzamuka bukagera kuri 7.8% nka mbere y’umwaduko wa COVID-19 nibura muri 2024.
Kuva mu mwaka 2017 kugeza magingo aya Perezida wa Repubulika y’u Rwanda, Paul Kagame afashe inshingano zo kuyobora igihugu hari byinshi byakozwe, byashingirwaho mu gutanga ishusho ifatika mu kindi cyerekezo u Rwanda rwihaye kigera mu mwaka wa 2050.
UMUSEKE.RW
