Urubyiruko rutandukanye rugaragaza ko rukigowe no kugera ku mafaranga yarufasha guhanga imirimo rugatanga akazi, na rwo rukava mu bukene. Ihuriro ry’imiryango itari iya Leta mu Rwanda, RCSP risanga inama 8 zafasha Leta gukemura icyo kibazo.
Mutoniwase Ange ni umwe mu rubyiruko rwagerageje gushakisha igishoro, akaba akora akazi ko gucuruza service za mobile money, afasha abakiliya kubika amafaranga cyangwa akababikuriza, akanabaha ama -unit yo guhamagara kuri telefoni.
Aka kazi agakorera mu Karere ka Bugesera mu mujyi wa Nyamata, yabwiye UMUSEKE ko yasoje amashuri yisumbuye akaba afite imyaka 24 y’amavuko.
Ibi akora kuri we ntabwo abyita akazi, avuga ko bimubuza kwicara mu rugo, ariko abasha kubona amafaranga 80,000 ku kwezi.
Avuga ko kubona igishoro cy’amafaranga 200,000 y’u Rwanda bitamworoheye kuko yabanje gucuruza “utuntu duciriritse” aza kuyabona kugira ngo atangire ibikorwa bye by’ubucuruzi akora ubu.
Yagize ati “Ntabwo nari nzi BDF, nta makuru nari mfite. Dukeneye ubufasha (bw’amafaranga) n’ubujyanama.”
Niyibizi Abuba afite imyaka 28, atuye i Rubavu, yabashije kwiga arangiza icyiciro rusange (Tronc-commun), avuga ko gutangira business mu mujyi wa Rubavu ku muntu ufite amikoro make bigoye, ngo bisaba gutangirira mu nkengero z’umujyi, yafatisha akajya mu mujyi.
Agira ati, “Nigeze gucuruza ka butiki, ariko bitewe n’ibisabwa nk’imisoro mbona biragoye kugira ngo gakomere kanzamure.”
Avuga ko urubyiruko rwafashwa kandi rukoroherezwa, igitekerezo cye ubuyobozi bukacyumva cyane ubw’ibanze kuko ngo iyo batumvikanye hari ubwo bumugora.
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Ibi uru rubyiruko ruvuga by’uko gutangiza imishinga bigoye bitewe no kubura ishoramari fatizo, byagiye bigarukwaho mu bushakashatsi butandukanye nk’uko raporo y’Ihuriro ry’Imiryango itari iya Leta mu Rwanda, Rwanda Civil Society Platform, [RCSP] ibigaragaza.
Ubushakashatsi bw’Ihuriro ry’Imiryango itari iya Leta mu Rwanda ufatanyije n’umuryango Faith Victory Association (FVA) bwahaye umwihariko ibijyanye n’akazi mu rubyiruko mu Karere ka Rutsiro, mu Ntara y’Iburengerazuba, imibare yaho ikagaragaza ko ibarura rusange ry’abaturage ryakozwe mu mwaka wa 2022 rigaragaza ko ako karere gatuwe n’abaturage 369,180, muri bo 99,652 ni urubyiruko bangana na 27.0 %.
Imibare igaragaza ko urubyiruko rufite akazi ari 40.6% muri bo ab’igitsina gabo ni 43.4% mu gihe ab’igitsina gore bafite akazi ari 38.1%. Urubyiruko rufite akazi muri Rutsiro, abagera kuri 65.9% bafite imyaka hagati ya 16-30 bafatwa nk’abakozi bafite ababaha akazi mu buryo buhoraho, mu gihe 22.7% bakora mu buryo budahoraho nk’uko bigaragazwa n’imibare y’ubushakashatsi bw’Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ibaruririshamibare bwakozwe mu mwaka wa 2023.
Muri rusange igenzura ryakozwe mu mwakwa wa 2016 na Minisiteri y’Uburinganire n’Iterambere ry’Umuryango MIGEPROFE, ireba uko akazi gahagaze mu rubyiruko, yasanze hari ibibazo by’uko urubyiruko rutoroherwa kugera kuri serivise z’imari mu buryo bwemewe, kuba rudahugukiwe ibijyanye na serivise z’imari, no kuba rudafite amashuri ahambaye, kuba nta mahitamo menshi ahari yo kugera ku mafaranga (availability of financial products), no kuba nta serivise zihariye zigamije guhaza ibyifuzo by’abagore n’urubyiruko gusa.
Irindi genzura ryakozwe mu mwaka wa 2020 na minisiteri y’Ubucuruzi n’inganda, rigagaza ko nubwo hari intambwe nto yatewe mu gushyiraho politiki ireba ibigo bito cyane, ibigo bito n’ibiciriritse, ariko hatabashije gushyiraho uburyo ngombwa bwo gushyigikira kwihangira imirimo, no guhanga udushya mu bigo bitoya cyane, ibito n’ibiciriritse (MSMEs).
Muri iryo genzura Minisiteri y’Ubucuruzi n’Inganda, MINICOM yasanze hari ibintu 7 birimo icyuho, ibyo bikaba: Kubura ubumenyi n’ubuzobere ku bashobora kuvamo ba rwiyemezamirimo, bityo bakaba babasha gutangira no kuyobora ubucuruzi bwabo (Business); Kuba nta buryo bwubatse (system) bwo gushyigikira ba rwiyemezamirimo bahanga imishinga y’ubucuruzi harimo nko kubaha ubujyanama bw’inzobere, abo kureberaho, ababakurikirana, n’abakomeza kubafasha muri urwo rugendo; Kutagira ubumenyi nka rwiyemezamirimo bwo kugera ahari amafaranga yo kumufasha kuzamura business akora nko kugana Banki, gushaka inguzanyo zitishyurwa (grants) n’ibindi; Ikiguzi kiyongera kitagenwe mu misoro bikabangamira imishinga mishya; Kutamenya amahirwe ari mu isoko ry’imbere mu gihugu no hanze; Kutagira ikoranabuhanga no guhanga udushya bikenewe muri business; n’Imyumvire mibi y’uko Abagore batabasha kuba ba rwiyemezamirimo.
Imibare y’urwego rushinzwe guteza imbere ishoramari (Department of Business Development Unit, BDU), igaragaza ko mu mwaka wa 2020 -2023 imishinga 11,414 yari ihari itashyizwe mu bikorwa mu mwakwa wa 2020-2021, mu mwakwa wakurikiye 2021-2022 imishinga 14,701 ntiyabashije gutangira, mu gihe imishinga 15,260 itabashije gutangira mu mwakwa 2022-2023.
Muri icyo gihe cy’imyaka itatu, hagati ya 2020 -2023 imishinga yari yaratangiye gukora igera ku 12,166 yarahombye mu mwakwa 2020-2021. Imishinga 5,979 yakoraga yarahombye mu mwakwa 2021-2022, naho mu mwakwa 2022-2023 imishinga yakoraga igahomba ni 5,788.
Ihuriro ry’Imiryango itari iya Leta mu Rwanda, risanga inama 8 zafasha Leta gukemura ikibazo cy’imishinga y’urubyiruko idashyirwa mu bikorwa, kimwe n’ihomba yamaze gutangira, bityo urubyiruko rukarushaho kubona akazi.
Muri izo nama harimo ko Guverinoma y’u Rwanda binyuze muri Minisiteri y’Ubucuruzi n’Inganda, MINICOM, n’Uturere habaho kugenzura ibigo bishinzwe guteza imbere ishoramari,
BDU bigahabwa amahugurwa, n’ubushobozi bukenewe bityo bikabasha gufasha ba rwiyemezamirimo b’urubyiruko. Ibi ngo byafasha kugabanya imibare y’imishinga urubyiruko rutangiza nyuma igahomba.
Uturere dukwiye gushyira amafaranga afatika mu kigega cyishingira imishinga y’urubyiruko n’iy’abagore, BDF bigafasha urubyiruko gushyira mu bikorwa imishinga yarwo rutekereza ariko ntizigere ishyirwa mu bikorwa.
Guverinoma y’u Rwanda binyuze muri Minisiteri y’Ubucuruzi n’Inganda, ngo ikwiriye gushyiraho ingamba zirimo nko gusonera imisoro, guha amahirwe urubyiruko mu mapiganwa y’amasoko, gutanga amahugurwa n’ubujyanama ku buntu cyangwa gutera inkunga imishinga myiza yatekerejwe n’urubyiruko, gushyiraho amahuriro ya ba rwiyemezamirimo bato n’ibindi.
Ihuriro ry’Imiryango itari iya Leta (RCSP) risaba Guverinoma y’u Rwanda gushyira mu bikorwa ingamba zijyanye no guca ubushomeri mu rubyiruko, na politiki ziba zafashwe hakarebwa ko zubahirijwe.
Guverinoma y’u Rwanda binyuze muri Minisiteri y’Imari n’Igenamigambi, ngo ikwiye gushyiraho ikigega cyagoboka imishinga y’urubyiruko mu gihe habaye icyorezo cyangwa ibindi biza kamere.
Sociyete civile ivuga ko Ibigo by’imari nka Banki na byo ngo bikwiye gufata iya imbere bikumva impamvu yo gushyigikira urubyiruko, Minisiteri y’Ubucuruzi n’inganda na Minisiteri y’Imari n’Igenamigambi zikabishishikariza gushyigikira ba rwiyemezamirimo b’urubyiruko.
Politiki zireba urubyiruko, ngo zikwiye gushyirwa mu bikorwa ariko urubyiruko rukabigiramo uruhare, no kuzitangaho ibitekerezo.
Ihuriro ry’Imiryango itari iya Leta mu Rwanda, risanga hakwiye kubaho uburyo bwizwe neza bwo kugenzura uko politiki zigamije guteza imbere urubyiruko zishyirwa mu bikorwa, nibura hakabaho iryo genzura nk’inshuro imwe mu myaka ibiri, aho kubikora igihe hatekerejwe gushyiraho indi politiki nshya.
HATANGIMANA Ange Eric /UMUSEKE.RW