UMUNTU WESE AKENERA AMAHORO! Aya ni amagambo ya MANIRAGUHA Venuste, umunyeshuri w’Umunyarwanda wiga muri Korea y’Epfo ari na we dukesha iyi nyandiko.
Dutemberane ku murongo w’urubibi utandukanya Korea y’amajyepfo n’iy’amajyaruguru uzwi ku izina rya DMZ (di-emuzi), agace k’amateka akomeye ya Korea ariko kuri ubu gafatwa nk’inzira y’amahoro!
DMZ (di-emuzi) yo muri Korea ni iki?
Ni agace katagira nyirako (urubibi “buffer zone”), kashyizweho nk’umupaka utandukanya ibihugu bibiri nyuma y’intambara yabaye kuva mu 1950 kugeza mu 1953 muri Korea bikarangira yigabanyijemo ibihugu bibiri (Korea y’Epfo na Korea ya Ruguru) nyuma y’intambara ya kabiri y’isi.
Aha hantu hafatwa nk’ahantu harinzwe cyane ku isi, ndetse binavugwa ko ari naho hatabye ibisasu byo mu butaka (landmines) byinshi kurusha ahandi ku isi. Ni ahantu kandi hahora harinzwe n’abasirikare benshi ku mpande z’ibihugu byombi, mu rwego rwo kurinda ko hari uwavogera urubibi akinjira mu gihugu cy’undi.
Ku rundi ruhande ariko, aka gace gafatwa nk’ahantu hihariye kubera amateka ya politike yaranze intambara ya Korea gafite, ndetse hagakurura n’abakerarugendo kubera urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima ruhaboneka nk’amashyamba, inyamaswa n’ibindi. Uru rubibi rugabanya ibihugu bibiri bya Korea, rufite ubuso bungana na kilometero kare (km2) 248, mu gihe hagati y’ibihugu byombi harimo ibirometero (km) 4 by’ubugari harimo kilometero 2 zakaswe kuri Korea y’Epfo na km 2 zavuye kuri Korea ya Ruguru.
Ni mu gihe kandi abaturage bifuza ko binyuze mu biganiro, uru rubibi rwaba nk’ikiraro kiganisha ku bumwe n’ubwiyunge, aho kuba umupaka utandukanya ibi bihugu byombi.
Iyi nkuru yacu iragaruka birambuye ku mateka, akamaro ndetse n’isura uru rubibi rubonwamo none mu kubaka icyizere cy’amahoro no kumvikana kw’ibihugu byombi.
Imiterere y’amateka
Urubibi rwa DMZ rwabayeho nyuma y’intambara yo muri Korea yabaye hagati y’umwaka wa 1950 na 1953 nyuma iza kurangira hasinywe amasezerano y’uko igihugu cya Korea kigabanyijwemo ibihugu bibiri, ubu bizwi nka Koreya y’Epfo na Korea ya Ruguru.
- Advertisement -
Aya masezerano kandi yari agamije guhagarika intambara, bituma amakimbirane ahagarara, ariko nta masezerano y’amahoro no kwiyunga yabayeho.
Imiterere nyaburanga
Usibye kuba ari umupaka, DMZ ifite n’urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima nyuma y’uko hafashwe nk’ahantu habungabunzwe kandi hakaba nta gikorwa cya muntu na kimwe kihakorerwa.
Ubwo twahasuraga nk’abanyeshuri b’abanyamahanga twari twitabiriye amahugurwa ajyanye n’imiyoborere ndetse n’ububanyi n’amahanga, twahabonye amashyamba meza, amoko y’ibimera adasanzwe, hamwe n’ibinyabuzima bitandukanye byahinduye ako gace nyaburanga, bigakurura ba mukerarugendo baturuka hirya no hino ku Isi.
Gusa kubera umutekano waho uba urinzwe ku rwego rwo hejuru, bisaba kwigengesera igihe wahasuye dore ko uba ugomba kwitwaza ibyangombwa bikuranga nk’indangamuntu, cyangwa pasiporo, ndetse ukirinda gufatira amafoto no gukandagira ahabujijwe.
Uburinzi bwa gisirikare bukorerwa kuri DMZ
Nubwo hari ubwiza nyaburanga, DMZ iracyafite uburinzi bwa gisirikare bwinshi kubera impamvu z’umutekano uhora utizewe hagati y’ibihugu byombi. Ku mbibi zayo, Korea ya Ruguru na Korea y’Epfo zikomeza kuhashyira ingabo nyinshi twakwita ko zihora ziryamiye amajanja, ziteguye gusubiza inyuma umwanzi wavogera urubibi ku ruhande rwa buri gihugu.
Mu myaka yo hambere hagiye humvikana kenshi ubushotoranyi akenshi bwaturukaga kuri Korea ya Ruguru bigatuma amakimbirane agenda yiyongera hagati y’ibihugu byombi.
Icyizere cy’amahoro hagati y’ibihugu byombi
Mu myaka yashize, hashyizweho ingufu zo guhindura isura n’ubusobanuro DMZ ihabwa ikava ku kimenyetso cy’amacakubiri ikaba ikimenyetso cy’amahoro n’ubwiyunge.
Ibiganiro by’ububanyi n’amahanga hagati ya Korea ya Ruguru na Korea y’Epfo, ndetse n’uruhare rw’abahuza mpuzamahanga, bigaragaza icyizere ko ubushyamirane hagati ya Korea zombi buzarangira ku mugaragaro, ndetse ibi bihugu byombi bikaba byakorana ubuhahirane dore ko ubu hagiye gushira imyaka isaga 70 nta muturage ushobora kuva mu gihugu cyimwe, ngo ajye mu kindi hagati y’ibihugu byombi.
Gusura DMZ
Vuba aha, DMZ na yo yahindutse ubukerarugendo aho ba mukerarugendo baturuka impande zitandukanye z’isi baje kureba urubibi rutandukanya ibihugu byombi, ibikorwa bihakorerwa ndetse n’amateka yatumye hashyirwaho uru rubibi. Gusura DMZ kandi ubifashwamo n’abagide (guides) babigize umwuga, bakagenda bagusobanurira amwe mu mateka yaranze igihe cy’intambara ya Korea, n’uko haje gushyirwaho urubibi ruyigabanyamo ibihugu bibiri.
Ni mu gihe kandi ku ruhande rwa Korea y’Epfo, kuba DMZ isurwa n’abamukerarugendo, bifatwa nk’andi mahirwe yo kwerekana ubushake ifite bwo kwiyunga na Korea ya Ruguru, ndetse hakaba hanatanga isomo rikomeye ryo kwirinda amacakubiri, dore ko ubu buso bwose bw’ubutaka nta gikorwa cya muntu kihakorerwa, ndetse n’imihanda ya gariyamoshi yari isanzwe ihanyura mbere y’uko Korea igabanywamo ibihugu bibiri, yaje gufungwa ndetse n’imihanda yacaga munsi y’ubutaka na yo yarafunzwe.
Ubu butaka bwari kuba butuweho n’abantu cyangwa bukorerwaho ibindi bikorwa nk’ubuhinzi, ubucuruzi, inganda ndetse n’ibindi. Ikindi kandi, Korea y’Epfo ihabonera inzira yifashishwa mu gukora ibiganiro mbonankubone mu bufatanye n’Umuryango w’Abibumbye (UN), bigatanga icyizere cy’uko amakimbirane azarangira hakabaho kwiyunga kw’ibihugu byombi.
Mu nkengero za DMZ kandi hari ahantu hatandukanye umuntu agirira amatsiko yo gusura, navuga nka Parike ya Imjingak iherereye mu birometero 54 mu majyaruguru y’Umujyi wa Seoul (umurwa mukuru wa Korea y’Epfo), umuyoboro wa 3 w’abacengezi hazwi nka the 3rd Infiltration Tunnel, ikiraro cy’ubwisanzure cyizwi nka Freedom bridge, nahazwi nka Dora Observatory (tugenekereje gusobanura mu rurimi rw’ikinyarwanda: “irebero” cyangwa “jomeri ya Dora”).
Wifashishije Jomeri zihari, ubasha kureba bimwe mu bice byegereye DMZ byo muri Korea ya Ruguru.
Umwanzuro
Urububi rwa DMZ ni ahantu hafite umwihariko kandi hacungiwe umutekano nyuma y’inkovu z’intambara yabaye igasiga ibi bihugu bibiri birebana ay’ingwe. Mu gihe ingufu za dipolomasi zikomeje, haracyari ibyiringiro ko umunsi umwe DMZ izahinduka ikiraro, aho kuba inzitizi, cyo guhuza Abanyakoreya bose (abo muri Korea y’Epfo n’abo muri Korea ya Ruguru) kikazana amahoro arambye muri Korea.
Nk’isomo Korea zombi zakwigira ku gihugu cyacu cy’u Rwanda, igihugu cyagize amateka mabi aganisha kuri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, bigaragara ko amahoro, ubumwe n’ubwiyunge ari byo byagize uruhare runini mu kuzamura imibereho myiza, ubukungu n’iterambere by’Abanyarwanda.
Kubera ko ari amahirwe meza kuri Korea zombi kugira ururimi n’umuco umwe, nabifuriza guharanira ubumwe n’ubwiyunge bagasenyera umugozi umwe bagakora umuryango rusange ku buryo byaborohera mu guhahirana no kurushaho kwiteza imbere.
Inyandiko zijyanye na DMZ ya Korea
Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. “demilitarized zone”. Encyclopedia Britannica, 19 Jul. 2023, https://www.britannica.com/place/demilitarized-zone-Korean-peninsula. Accessed 31 August 2023.
https://www.vviptravel.com/blog/dmz-in-korea
Jong-Lok Yoon, Paul S. Weiss and Nam-Joon Cho, ‘Envisioning scientific innovation in Korea’s Demilitarized Zone: a step toward economic progress and global peace’, ACS Nano 12(6), 5073–5077 (2018), at pp. 5073, 5074
UMUSEKE.RW