Amasezerano ya Montreal  yavugururiwe i Kigali yubahirijwe, byagabanya toni miriyari  80 z’imyuka yangiza ikirere!

U Rwanda ku wa Gatanu taliki ya 15 Ukwakira, 2021 rwizihije isabukuru y’imyaka  itanu ishize amasezerano  ya Montreal avugururiwe i Kigali (Kigali Amendment) mu nama  ya 28  yabaye tariki  15/10/2016  ihuje ibihugu byashyize umukono ku masezerano  ya Montreal, Minisitiri w’Ibidukikije Dr. Mujawamariya Jeanne d’Arc yasabye ibihugu kubahiriza aya masezerano kugira ngo hagabanuke imyuka yongera ubushyuhe mu kirere.

Dr. Mujawamariya Jeanne d’Arc yavuze ko kwizihiza iyi sabukuru ari umwanya wo kwishimira umusaruro w’amasezerano ya Montreal ndetse  n’amavugururwa yayo yakorewe i Kigali, gutekereza ku ngamba zihutirwa mu guhangana n’ikibazo cy’imihindagurikire y’ibihe.

Ati “Amasezerano ya Montreal  yavugururiwe i Kigali aramutse yubahirijwe n’isi yose, yagira uruhare mu kugabanya imyuka  yongera ubushyuhe mu kirere ingana na  toni miriyari  80 z’imyuka ya CO2 kugeza mu mwaka wa 2050, akanagira uruhare mu kugabanya dogere selisiyusi 0.4 ku gipimo cy’ubushyuhe bw’isi kugeza mu mwakwa wa 2100.”

Minisitiri Dr. Mujawamariya yakomeje avuga ko ibi bihujwe n’ingamba zo gukoresha neza ingufu, umusaruro utegerejwe mu  masezerano ya Montreal yavugururiwe i Kigali ushobora no kwikuba kabiri.

Mu gihe hategurwa inama y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye yiga ku mihindagurikire y’ibihe COP26, ibihugu by’isi bikeneye cyane kugabanya imyuka yoherezwa mu kirere no kubaka  ubudahangarwa ku mihindagurikire y’ibihe.

Dr. Mujawamariya Jeanne d’Arc agira  ati “Kwihutisha ishyirwa mu bikorwa  ry’amasezerano ya Montreal yavuguriwe i Kigali bizihutisha ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’ingamba ibihugu by’isi bikomeje kwiyemeza, zinakenewe kugira ngo inama ya COP26 izagende neza. Bizanatuma kandi intego z’igihe kirekire z’amasezerano ya  Paris zigerwaho. Kugeza ubu ibihugu 127 nibyo bimaze gushyira umukono ku masezerano  ya Montreal yavuguriwe i Kigali. “

Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w’Ubunyamabanga bushinzwe akayunguruzo k’imirasire y’izuba (Ozone Secretariat) mu muryango w’abibumbye, Megumi Seki yavuze ko yasabye  ibihugu  71 bitarashyira umukono kuri aya masezerano kubikora,  gukomeza kurinda akayunguruzo  k’imirasire y’izuba  no kwihutisha ingamba zo kugabanya  imihindagurikire y’ibihe.

Ati “Isi ihanze  amaso ubuyobozi bw’u Rwanda n’ibindi  bihugu kugira  ngo  amasezerano ya Montreal yavugururiwe i Kigali ashyirwe  mu bikorwa kandi agere  ku ntego zayo n’inyungu ategerejweho.”

Mu rwego rw’ubufatanye hagati y’ibihugu, Leta y’u Rwanda yateguye inama yitabirwa  n’abafatanyabikorwa, abahagarariye ibihugu byabo mu Rwanda ndetse n’impirimbanyi mu kubungabunga ibidukikije  hagamijwe  kwishimira ibimaze kugerwaho nyuma y’uko amasezerano ya Montreal yavugururiwe i Kigali atangiye gushyirwa mu bikorwa. Iyi nama izanarebera hamwe uko inama ya COP26 izabera mu mujyi wa Glasgow muri Scotland yagenda neza.

Megumi yongeraho ati  “Ndifuza gushimira u Rwanda n’ubuyobozi bwarwo ku bwo gufata iyambere mu gushyiraho ingamba zo gukoresha neza ingufu. Mu nama yabereye i Kigali, u  Rwanda ni  rwo rwashyigikiye icyemezo cya mbere cyerekeye gukoresha neza ingufu  hagendewe  ku masezerano ya Montreal yari agamije gusuzuma no gukusanya amakuru kuri iki kibazo, kandi buri  mwaka kuva icyo gihe, ibihugu byakomeje gutekereza kuri iki kibazo binatera intambwe yatumye hashyirwaho ikigega ibihugu byashyize umukono ku masezerano ya Montreal bihuriyeho.”

Kwemeza amasezerano ya Montreal yavugururiwe i Kigali mu mwaka wa 2016 byabaye  intangiririro y’ibyo u Rwanda rumaze kugeraho  mu kugabanya ibinyabutabire bya hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs).

Mu byo u Rwanda rwagezeho harimo gushyira umukono kuri iryo vugururwa, kwemeza ingamba z’igihugu zo gukonjesha habungabungwa ibidukikije (National Cooling Strategy), gushyiraho ikigo gishinzwe ibijyanye no gukonjesha mu buryo  burambye (Africa Centre of Excellence in Sustainable Cooling and Cold Chain – ACES) muri Kaminuza y’ u Rwanda, ndetse no gushyiraho uburyo bw’ikoranabuhanga bwifashishwa mu gusaba uruhushya rwo kwinjiza ibikoresho bikonjesha mu Rwanda no kubyandikisha.

Ivugurura ry’i Kigali ryatanze kandi amahirwe yo gushyiraho ingamba zo gukoresha neza ingufu mu gukonjesha. Gusimbura ibinyabutabire bya hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) na byo byatanze amahirwe yo kuvugurura ibikoresho bikonjesha n’ibitanga amafu kugira ngo bikoreshe ingufu nke, kandi bikonjeshe uko bikwiye bidateza ingaruka mbi ku kirere.

Kugabanya ibinyabutabire bya HFCs no kunoza uburyo bwo gukonjesha by’umwihariko mu bihugu nk’u Rwanda, bizanagira uruhare mu kurwanya iyangirika ry’ibiribwa kuko kimwe cya gatatu cy’ibiribwa ku isi yose bimenwa cyangwa bikangirika buri mwaka, bitewe ahanini no kubura uburyo bwo gukonjesha.

Ibiribwa bimenwa n’ibyangirika buri mwaka bifite agaciro kabarirwa mu ma miliyari y’amadorari. Uretse kwangiza umutungo kamere w’ubutaka, amazi n’ingufu, ibyo biribwa bimenwa n’ibyangirika byongera imyuka yongera ubushyuhe mu kirere ku gipimo kibarirwa ku 8%.

Amasezerano ya Montreal yavugururiwe i Kigali yemejwe n’inama ya 28 y’ibihugu byashyize umukono ku masezerano ya Montreal yabaye tariki 15 Ukwakira 2016 i Kigali, mu Rwanda.

Iri vugurura ryashyize ikinyabutabire cya HFC ku rutonde rw’ibinyabutabire bigenzurwa n’ayo  masezerano bigomba guhagarikwa. Guhagarika  icyo kinyabutabire byitezweho kugabanya imyuka yongera ubushyuhe mu kirere ingana na  toni zisaga miriyoni 105 z’imyuka ya CO2,  bikagira uruhare mu kugabanya dogere selisius  0.4 ku gipimo cy’ubushyuhe bw’isi kugeza  mu mwakwa wa 20100, hanakomeza kurinda akayunguruzo k’imirasire y’izuba.

Daddy SADIKI RUBANGURA
UMUSEKE.RW