Inyandiko yanditswe na: NDWANIYE Yvan
Mu bihe turimo no mu bihe byashize hari uburyo dusanzwe tuzi umurimo ukorwamo, ibisabwa kugira ngo akazi kaboneke, ubwoko bw’akazi gahari, ibisabwa kugira ngo ba rwiyemezamirimo babone abakozi bifuza n’ibindi. Muri iyi nyandiko tugiye kureba impinduka zitezwe kuzagaragara ku murimo.
Dushingiye kuri raporo n’ubushakashatsi bukorwa n’umuryango mpuzamahanga ushinzwe umurimo (ILO), bugaragaza ko iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga (Technology), ikusanyabukungu (Globalisation), ihindagurika ry’ibihe (Climate Change), imihindagurikire mu batuye isi n’imiturire (demography) n’urujya n’uruza rw’abantu (Migration) bizatera impinduka ku murimo, utuzi tumwe tuzakenerwa cyane, utundi dukenerwe buhoro ndetse hariho n’utuzaba tutagikenewe.
Nk’uko bigaragazwa na raporo n’ubushakashatsi bw’uyu muryango, hari ibice bimwe na bimwe bizatanga akazi kenshi harimo utuzi tugamije kubungabunga ibidukikije no gufata neza ikirere bishobora kuzahanga utuzi turi hejuru ya Miliyoni 60.
Tumwe muri utwo tuzi ni utujyanye n’ubwubatsi, gutunganya ingufu zisubiranya, utuzi tujyanye no gucunga no gutunganya imyanda, utuzi tujyanye no gukora imideli, ikindi gice kizahanga utuzi ni ikijyanye no kwita ku bantu (care economy) harimo services zijyanye no kwita ku buzima bw’abantu (Health care services), utuzi tujyanye no kwita ku bana, kwita ku bari mu zabukuru ndetse n’abafite ubumuga.
Izi services zijyanye no kwita ku bantu zizahanga utuzi twinshi cyane mu bihugu byateye imbere.
Ubushakashatsi bw’uyu muryango bugaragaza na none ko mu myaka iza hitezwe izamuka mu ikoranabuhanga no guhanga udushya, bizagenda bitera impinduka mu buryo akazi kakorwagamo, bagaragaza ko abakozi bazagira utuzi twinshi dutandukanye, aho bazajya bakora utuzi tw’igihe gito bafite amasezerano y’akazi n’abakoresha batandukanye bamwe bo mu bihugu bakomokamo, cyangwa ibihugu byo hanze.
Uburyo bwo gukora akazi hifashijwe ikoranabuhanga buziyongera cyane, bikaba bizatuma uburyo bwari busanzwe bwo gukorera umukoresha umwe umukozi agakora amasaha menshi bizagabanuka cyane.
Kubera izamuka mu ikoranabuhanga, hitezwe cyane izamuka ry’ubwenge bw’ubukorano (Artificial intelligence) aho hazakorwa imashini nyinshi zifite ubushobozi bwo gukora akazi nk’ako umuntu yakoraga, ikirenze kuri ibyo zikora akazi kenshi neza kandi mu gihe gito.
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Ikindi cyitezwe ni ikoreshwa cyane rya za Robot (Robotics) aho zizifashishwa cyane nko mu nganda no mu bindi bice bitandukanye bibarizwamo akazi gakorwa umunsi ku munsi. Izi Robot zikora akazi kenshi kagakozwe n’abantu benshi cyane, zigakora akazi neza kandi vuba cyane, ntizikenera ikiruhuko, nta bwishingizi bwo kwa muganga zikenera cyangwa se ubwiteganyirize bw’izabukuru.
Kubera iterambere mu mikoreshereze y’ikoranabuhanga hari abantu benshi bazatakaza akazi, ariko ku rundi ruhande hari abandi bazakabona ari benshi cyane, urugero abafite ubumenyi mu bijyanye n’ubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga (Science and Technology) higanjemo abakora Porogaramu za Mudasobwa (Software developers), hakaza abafite ubumenyi mu mibare ndetse na Engineering.
Bitewe n’izamuka ry’ikoranabuhanga, ikusanyabukungu n’urujya n’uruza rw’abantu bizagaragara ku isoko ry’umurimo, ku isoko ry’umurimo hazakenerwa ubumenyi butandukanye, kugira impamyabumenyi byo byonyine ntibizaba bihagije kugira ngo abakozi bahangane ku isoko ry’umurimo, bizasaba buri mukozi mu gice cy’umurimo arimo guhora yongera ubumenyi kugira ngo ubumeyi afite abujyanishe n’igihe, bitagenze gutyo hari abakozi bazisanga ubumenyi bafite butakijyanye n’igihe bigire ingaruka zo kutabona akazi kisumbuyeho.
Ntibazazamurwa mu ntera ndetse bizatera ubusumbane mu mishahara yabo ugereranyije n’abashyize imbaraga mukuzamura ubumenyi bwabo.
Hari ubumenyi umuryango mpuzamahanga ushinzwe umurimo (ILO) ugaragaza buzakenerwa na buri wese harimo ubumenyi mu bijyanye no kwandika, gusoma, kuvuga no kumva indimi (Communication skills), kumenya gukoresha ikoranabuhanga, kumenya gukorana no kubana n’abandi, kumenya gushaka ibisubizo ku bibazo n’imbogamizi bihari no kumenya uko witwara ku mpinduka zibaye.
Dushingiye ku gitabo cyiswe “THE GIFT OF MONDAY” cyanditswe na HASSAN KIBIRANGO, uyu mwanditsi agaragaza ko ahazaza h’umurimo ari heza kuri Africa kuko izaba ifite abakozi benshi biganjemo urubyiruko kandi bafite imbaraga zo guhangana ku isoko ry’umurimo ugereranyije n’indi migabane, ibi bikazaba ari byiza kuri Africa kuko bizatuma ba rwiyemezamirimo benshi bazana ibikorwa byabo muri Africa, bikaba byitezwe ko Abanyafrica benshi bazabona imirimo.
Imibare itangwa n’ihuriro ry’ubukungu bw’isi (World Economic Forum) igaragaza ko abarenga 60% by’abanyafrica bari munsi y’imyaka 25, Africa yo munsi y’ubutayu bwa Sahara niyo ifite urubyiruko rwinshi, muri 2030 imibare yerekana ko Abanyafrica bari mu myaka yo gukora akazi baziyongeraho bibiri bya gatatu, bakava kuri miliyoni 370 (imibare yo mu mwaka wa 2010) bakarengaho gato miliyoni 600.
Bitewe n’impinduka zitezwe ku murimo, abakoresha barasabwa gutekereza gutangira gushyiraho uburyo buzatuma abakozi bakora bijyanye n’izo mpinduka zitezwe, urugero gushyiraho uburyo abakozi bakora akazi kabo bakagakorera aho bari hose, kuvugurura amasezerano y’akazi cyane ku bijyanye n’amasaha y’akazi kubera ko ubushakashatsi bukorwa n’impuguke bagaraza ko abakozi bazajya bakora akazi karenze kamwe, bivuze ko bazagira abakoresha batandukanye bizatuma umukozi akora buri kazi afite amasaha make, akajya gukora akandi.
Bigaragara ko igihe cyo gufata amasaha menshi abakozi bari mu biro bakora akazi kamwe bizagabanuka.
Zimwe mu nama zitangwa n’impuguke ni ugushyiraho uburyo bw’ikoranabuhanga bworohereza abakozi gukorera aho bari hose, cyane ko byagaragaye ko byashoboka mu bihe by’icyorezo cya COVID-19, gushyiraho uburyo bunoze mu bijyanye n’imikorere y’abakozi, ndetse no kugenzura umusaruro umukozi atanga ku kazi, hatabayeho kubahirirza izo nama abakoresha bazagira abakozi benshi basezera imirimo yabo cyane cyane abo mu kiragano gishya (Millennials).
Dushingiye kuri raporo n’ubushakashatsi bikorwa, bigaragara ko kugira ngo abantu cyangwa abakozi bazajyane n’impinduka zitezwe ku murimo, bizasaba umuntu ku giti cye, Leta ndetse n’abikorera gushyira imbaraga mu kubaka ubushobozi bw’abantu mu bijyanye n’ubumenyi (Capacity building) kugira ngo hazirindwe ko abantu babura akazi bitewe n’iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga n’ubwenge bw’ubukorano (Artificial Intelligence), ahubwo izamuka ryabyo bigakoreshwa mu gushaka umusaruro wisumbuyeho.
Bikaba bisaba leta gushyira imbaraga mu burezi, hagakomeza gushyira imbaraga mu bijyanye no kwiga ubumenyingiro, ikoranabuhanga n’ubundi bumenyi butandukanye buzakenerwa ahazaza.
E-mail watangiraho igitekerezo kuri iyi nyandiko ni: ubumenyibutandukanye2022@gmail.com
Inyandiko n’imbuga wakwisomera zakoreshejwe hategurwa iyi nyandiko:
https://www.statistics.gov.rw/
https://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_EGW_FOJ_Africa.pdf
https://www.ilo.org/global/lang–en/index.htm
https://www.ilo.org/100/en/story/future/
Hassan Kibirango (2022),” The Gift of Monday’’
Jacob Morgan (2014),” The Future of Work’’
Martin Ford (2015),” Rise of the Robots’’
UMUSEKE.RW