Waba unywa ikirahure kimwe cya byeri cyangwa ugotomera amacupa atanu kuzamura ya manyinya, ujye uzirikana ko nubwo bamwe bavuga ko zitanga ibyishimo, inzoga zigira ingaruka ku miterere n’imikorere y’ubwonko.
Ingaruka z’inzoga ziterwa n’ingano umuntu anywa, igihe amaze azinywa n’imiterere y’umubiri we.
Iyo umuntu anyoye inzoga, zinyura mu nzira y’igogora zikagera mu maraso, umwijima ukazitunganya. Iyo anyoye nyinshi mu gihe gito, zimwe ziguma mu maraso zikagera no mu bwonko.
Kunywa inzoga nyinshi bishobora kwangiza umwijima n’izindi ngingo, bikagira n’ingaruka ku mitekerereze, imigendere no kugenzura imyitwarire.
Inzoga zigira izihe ngaruka ku bwonko?
Ubwonko ni kimwe mu bice by’umubiri bigirwaho ingaruka n’inzoga, kuko zihindura uburyo uturemangingo tw’imyakura bwohererezanya ubutumwa.
Inzoga zongera ibikorwa bya dopamine, ubutumwa bw’imyakura bujyanye n’ibyishimo no gushishikarira gukora, bigatuma umuntu abyiyumvamo birenze ibisanzwe.
Inzoga zigabanya kandi ihererekanya ry’ubutumwa hagati y’uturemangingo tw’imyakura, bigatuma umuntu yumva aruhutse mu gihe gito.
Nubwo inzoga zishobora kugabanya impungenge mu gihe gito, kuzinywa kenshi bishobora guhindura imikorere y’ubwonko, bikongera guhangayika.
Inzoga zigabanya ubushobozi bwo kugenzura ingendo z’umubiri no gufata ibyemezo, kuko zigira ingaruka ku bice by’ubwonko bibishinzwe.
Ni mu gihe kunywa inzoga nyinshi bishobora gutuma umuntu atibuka ibyabaye, bitewe n’uko zigira ingaruka ku gice cy’ubwonko gishinzwe kubika amakuru mashya.
Inzoga zituma umuntu yihagarika kenshi kuko zigabanya irekurwa ry’umusemburo witwa ADH, ufasha impyiko kugenzura ingano y’amazi umubiri usohora mu nkari.
Nubwo zimwe muri izi ngaruka zishira inzoga zimaze gushira mu mubiri, kuzinywa kenshi igihe kirekire bishobora kwangiza imiterere n’imikorere y’ubwonko.
Kunywa inzoga nyinshi mu gihe gito bigira ingaruka ?
Kunywa inzoga nyinshi mu gihe gito, bizwi mu Cyongereza nka binge drinking, bituma ingano y’inzoga mu maraso izamuka cyane.
Ibi bishobora kubaho mu birori cyangwa mu bindi bikorwa abantu banywamo inzoga nyinshi mu gihe gito.
Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko kunywa inzoga nyinshi mu gihe gito bifitanye isano no kugabanuka kw’ingano y’ibice bimwe na bimwe by’ubwonko.
Kimwe muri ibyo bice ni white matter, igizwe ahanini n’imigozi ihuza uturemangingo tw’imyakura, igafasha ubutumwa gutambuka hagati y’ibice bitandukanye by’ubwonko.
Iyangirika ry’ibi bice rishobora kubangamira ihererekanya ry’amakuru mu bwonko no kugabanya gray matter, irimo uturemangingo tw’imyakura.
Izi mpinduka zishobora kugabanya ubushobozi bwo gutekereza, kwiga no gutunganya amakuru.
Abantu banywa inzoga nyinshi bashobora kurwara indwara izwi nka Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome, yangiza ubwonko kandi ikabangamira cyane ubushobozi bwo kwibuka.
Iyi ndwara ifitanye isano no kubura vitamine B1 (thiamine), kuko kunywa inzoga nyinshi igihe kirekire bishobora kubangamira uko umubiri uyibona n’uko uyikoresha.
Ingaruka z’inzoga ku bagore batwite n’abo batwite
Kunywa inzoga utwite bishobora kwangiza umwana uri mu nda, kuko inzoga ziva mu maraso ya nyina zikagera no mu ye.
Umwijima w’umwana uri mu nda ntuba urashobora gutunganya inzoga nk’uko uw’umuntu mukuru ubigenza.
Ibyo bishobora kubangamira imikurire y’umwana, cyane cyane iy’ubwonko, bikamugiraho ingaruka zirambye.
Nubwo ibyago byiyongera uko ingano y’inzoga inyobwa yiyongera, nta ngano yazo izwi ko itekanye ku mugore utwite, akaba ari yo mpamvu agirwa inama yo kuzireka burundu mu gihe atwite.
Ingaruka ku bwonko bw’ingimbi n’abangavu?
Mu gihe cy’ubwangavu, ubwonko buba bugikura kandi bugakomeza gutunganya imikoranire hagati y’uturemangingo tw’imyakura, bikarushaho kubwongerera ubushobozi bwo kwiga, kwibuka no gufata ibyemezo.
Ubushakashatsi bwakurikiranye imikurire y’ubwonko bw’ingimbi n’abangavu bwerekanye ko kunywa inzoga nyinshi bishobora kuyibangamira.
Ubushakashatsi bumwe bwerekanye ko kunywa inzoga nyinshi bifitanye isano no kudakura neza kwa ‘white matter’ no kugabanuka kwa ‘gray matter’ mu bice bitandukanye by’ubwonko, birimo ‘cerebral cortex na hippocampus’.
Ubundi bushakashatsi bwerekanye ko ingimbi n’abangavu banywa inzoga nyinshi bashobora kugira ‘cerebellum’ nto ugereranyije n’abo bangana batanywa inzoga nyinshi.
Ubushakashatsi kandi bwerekanye itandukaniro mu ngano ya ‘corpus callosum’, igice gihuza impande zombi z’ubwonko kikazifasha gukorana.
Ubushakashatsi bwa ‘fMRI’ bwerekanye ko ubwonko bw’ingimbi n’abangavu banywa inzoga bukora mu buryo butandukanye n’ubw’abatazinywa mu mirimo isaba kwibuka amakuru mu gihe gito.
Icyakora, ubwo bushakashatsi ntibwagaragaje itandukaniro rikomeye hagati y’amatsinda yombi mu manota cyangwa mu bushobozi bwo kurangiza ikizamini.
Ijoro rimwe rishobora kwangiza ubwonko?
Ingaruka z’inzoga ku bwonko ntizireba gusa abazinywa kenshi mu gihe kirekire, kuko hari n’ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ingaruka zo kuzinywa nyinshi icyarimwe.
Abashakashatsi bo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika basuzumye ubwonko bw’abantu mbere na nyuma yo kuzuza imyaka 21, ari yo myaka bemererwa n’amategeko kugura no kunywa inzoga muri icyo gihugu.
Icyo gihe gikunze kurangwa n’ibirori byo kwizihiza imyaka 21, aho bamwe mu rubyiruko banywa inzoga nyinshi mu gihe gito.
Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko nyuma yo kunywa inzoga muri ibyo birori, ingano ya ‘corpus callosum’, igice gihuza impande zombi z’ubwonko, yagabanutse.
Abashakashatsi kandi basanze uko ingano y’inzoga umuntu yanyoye yiyongeraga, ari na ko ‘corpus callosum’ yagabanukaga.
Abitabiriye ubushakashatsi bongeye gusuzumwa nyuma y’ibyumweru bitanu, ariko muri icyo gihe nta kwiyongera kugaragara kw’ingano y’icyo gice cy’ubwonko kwabonetse.
Ingaruka zo kunywa inzoga nyinshi ku buzima
Uretse kwangiza ubwonko, kunywa inzoga nyinshi byangiza umwijima n’izindi ngingo z’umubiri, bikabangamira ubushobozi bwo kugenzura imyitwarire no gufata ibyemezo, bityo bigashyira umuntu cyangwa abandi mu kaga.
Urugero ni ugutwara ikinyabiziga wasinze, kuko inzoga zigabanya ubushobozi bwo kwitwararika, gufata ibyemezo no kugenzura ingendo z’umubiri, bityo zikongera ibyago byo gukora impanuka.
Kunywa inzoga kenshi bishobora gutuma umuntu imbata yazo, kandi kuzireka nyuma yo kuzinywa igihe kirekire bishobora gutera ibibazo by’umubiri n’imitekerereze, bityo agashobora gukenera ubufasha bw’abaganga.
Muri rusange, ingaruka z’inzoga ziterwa n’ingano umuntu anywa, uko azinywa n’igihe amaze azikoresha. Icyakora, kunywa nyinshi mu gihe gito na byo bishobora guteza akaga, nubwo umuntu atazinywa buri munsi.
Kumenya ingaruka z’inzoga ni ingenzi mu gufata ibyemezo birengera ubuzima, kwirinda kuzinywa nyinshi no gukumira ibikorwa bishyira ubuzima bw’umuntu n’ubw’abandi mu kaga.
Mu Rwanda, hari gahunda ya Sober Gen Generation, ihuza urubyiruko rukoresha ubuhanzi n’imbuga nkoranyambaga mu kurwanya inzoga zitujuje ubuziranenge zizwi nk’ibyuma no kwimakaza ubuzima buzira umuze.
Ni ubu bukangurambaga bugamije gufasha urubyiruko kugira ubushobozi bwo gufata ibyemezo byiza no gutegura ejo hazaza harwo.
Minisitiri w’Ubuzima, Dr. Sabin Nsanzimana, aherutse gutangaza ko mbere y’uko gahunda yo guca inzoga z’ibyuma itangira, mu Rwanda hari litiro zazo zigera kuri miliyoni 20.
NDEKEZI JOHNSON / UMUSEKE.RW
