Isesengura ry’Umunyamategeko MUNYANDINDA J. Bosco ukorera muri LEX Chambers (0788383936)
Gutukana, gusebanya, gukwirakwiza amafoto y’ibanga, gukoresha konti mpimbano, gushuka abantu no kohereza ibikangisho ni bimwe mu bikorwa bikorerwa kuri internet bamwe bafata nk’urwenya, nyamara bishobora kubageza imbere y’ubutabera.
Muri iki gihe telefone yabaye kimwe mu bikoresho abantu bakoresha cyane mu gutumanaho, gukora ubucuruzi no gusangira amakuru. WhatsApp, Facebook, Instagram, TikTok, X n’izindi mbuga byahaye buri muntu ubushobozi bwo kugeza ubutumwa ku bantu benshi mu gihe gito.
Icyakora, ubwo bushobozi bujyana n’inshingano. Ubutumwa wanditse urakaye, ifoto wohereje mu itsinda, konti wafunguye wiyitiriye undi cyangwa ubutumwa bw’ikinyoma bwo gusaba amafaranga bishobora kuba ibimenyetso by’icyaha.
Itegeko Nº 60/2018 ryo ku wa 22 Kanama 2018 ryerekeye gukumira no guhana ibyaha bikoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga rireba icyaha cyakorewe mu Rwanda, ndetse n’icyakorewe hanze yarwo igihe ingaruka zacyo zageze mu Rwanda. Bityo, kuba uwakoze icyaha aba mu kindi gihugu ntibivuze ko ingaruka zacyo zitashobora gukurikiranwa mu Rwanda.
Gutukana kuri WhatsApp cyangwa ku mbuga nkoranyambaga
Hari umuntu ushobora kwandika igitutsi ku ifoto y’undi, kumwandagaza mu itsinda rya WhatsApp cyangwa gukora amashusho agamije kumukoza isoni, hanyuma akavuga ko “yateraga urwenya.” Ariko urwenya rutakaza iyo nyito iyo rugamije gutesha umuntu agaciro, kumubuza amahwemo, kumutera ubwoba cyangwa kumushyira mu kaga.
Ingingo ya 38 y’Itegeko ryerekeye ibyaha bikoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga ivuga ko umuntu utangaza, wohereza cyangwa utuma hatangazwa ubutumwa bw’urukozasoni hakoreshejwe mudasobwa cyangwa urusobe rwa mudasobwa aba akoze icyaha. Iyo abihamijwe n’urukiko, ashobora guhanishwa igifungo kuva ku mezi atandatu kugeza ku myaka ibiri; n’ihazabu kuva kuri miliyoni imwe kugeza kuri miliyoni ebyiri z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda. Iyo ubwo butumwa budahuye n’ukuri cyangwa bureba umwana, igihano gishobora kuva ku gifungo cy’imyaka itatu kugeza kuri itanu n’ihazabu ya miliyoni imwe kugeza kuri miliyoni eshatu.
Icyakora, si buri kunenga umuntu cyangwa kutavuga rumwe na we biba icyaha. Ubwisanzure bwo gutanga ibitekerezo burengerwa n’Itegeko Nshinga. Igisuzumwa ni amagambo yakoreshejwe, icyo yari agamije, uburyo yatangajwe n’ingaruka yashoboraga guteza.
Gusebanya no gukwirakwiza ibihuha
Hari uwumva inkuru y’umuntu, akongeraho ibindi, akayishyira kuri status cyangwa akayohereza mu matsinda menshi atabanje kugenzura niba ari ukuri. Kwandika ngo “nabibwiwe n’umuntu”, “biri kuvugwa” cyangwa “sinzi niba ari ukuri” ntibikuraho byanze bikunze inshingano z’uwahisemo kubitangaza.
Ingingo ya 39 y’Itegeko Nº 60/2018 ihana umuntu utangaza, abizi kandi yifashishije ikoranabuhanga, ibihuha bishobora guteza ubwoba mu baturage; guteza imvururu cyangwa ihohotera; cyangwa gutuma umuntu atakarizwa icyizere. Uwabihamijwe ashobora guhanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka itatu kugeza kuri itanu n’ihazabu kuva kuri miliyoni imwe kugeza kuri miliyoni eshatu z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda.
Mu 2025, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwanze ikirego cyasabaga ko iyi ngingo yavanwaho kubera ko ibangamira ubwisanzure bwo gutanga ibitekerezo. Urukiko rwagaragaje ko iyo ngingo itagamije kubuza ibitekerezo bisanzwe, ahubwo ireba gutangaza ibihuha umuntu abizi kandi bishobora guteza ingaruka ziteganywa n’amategeko.
Hari kandi igihe gusebanya bishobora kubyara ikirego cy’indishyi. Umuntu wangirijwe izina cyangwa ubuzima bwe bwite ashobora gusaba ko amakuru akurwaho, agasubizwa agaciro cyangwa agahabwa indishyi, bitewe n’imiterere y’ikibazo.
Gukwirakwiza amafoto cyangwa amashusho y’ibanga
Kimwe mu bikorwa bikunze gufatwa nk’urwenya ni ugufata ifoto cyangwa amashusho y’umuntu atabizi, hanyuma bikoherezwa mu itsinda cyangwa bigashyirwa ku mbuga nkoranyambaga. Bishobora kuba amafoto y’umuntu yambaye mu buryo runaka, ari ahantu hihariye, aryamye, yasinze cyangwa ari mu bihe bireba ubuzima bwe bwite. Hari n’abakwirakwiza amafoto cyangwa amashusho y’imibonano mpuzabitsina y’uwahoze ari umukunzi wabo kugira ngo bihimure. Nyamara, kuba umuntu yarigeze koherereza uwo bakundana ifoto ku bushake ntibivuze ko yemeye ko iyo foto izasangizwa abandi cyangwa igashyirwa ku karubanda.
Ingingo ya 35 ihanisha kubuza umuntu amahwemo cyangwa kumushyiraho ibikangisho hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga, harimo gukwirakwiza inyandiko, amajwi, amafoto cyangwa amashusho y’urukozasoni; gufata amafoto, amajwi cyangwa amashusho y’umuntu atabyemeye cyangwa atabizi, bigakorwa ku bw’inabi; no gukwirakwiza amakuru ashobora gutuma uwo muntu akorerwa ubugizi bwa nabi cyangwa ihohoterwa. Igihano giteganywa ni igifungo cy’amezi atandatu kugeza ku myaka ibiri n’ihazabu ya miliyoni imwe kugeza kuri miliyoni ebyiri. Iki cyaha gikurikiranwa iyo uwagikorewe yatanze ikirego.
Gufungura konti mpimbano wiyitiriye undi
Hari abafungura konti ya Facebook, Instagram, TikTok cyangwa WhatsApp bakoresheje izina n’ifoto by’undi muntu. Bamwe babikora ngo basetse abantu; abandi bakabikoresha mu gusaba amafaranga, kuyobya rubanda cyangwa kwangiza izina rya nyirumwirondoro.
Ingingo ya 40 ihana umuntu ukoresha umwirondoro w’undi kuri internet mu buriganya, agamije kubona inyungu, kuyobya abantu cyangwa kwangiza ubwamamare bw’umuntu cyangwa ikigo. Uwabihamijwe ashobora guhanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka itatu kugeza kuri itanu n’ihazabu ya miliyoni imwe kugeza kuri miliyoni eshatu.
Uburiganya bukorerwa kuri internet
Ubutumwa bugira buti “watsindiye amafaranga,” “konti yawe igiye gufungwa,” “ohereza kode wohererejwe” cyangwa “mpa amafaranga ndagusubiza menshi” bushobora kugaragara nk’amayeri yoroshye; nyamara bushobora kuba icyaha gikomeye.
Ingingo ya 36 ihana umuntu ushyiraho cyangwa ukoresha urubuga, cyangwa wohereza ubutumwa, agamije kubona amakuru y’ibanga kugira ngo akoreshwe mu buryo butemewe, Ibi ni byo bizwi nka “phishing”. Uwabihamijwe ashobora guhanishwa igifungo cy’umwaka umwe kugeza ku myaka ibiri n’ihazabu ya miliyoni imwe kugeza kuri miliyoni eshatu. Iyo uwakoze ubwo buriganya abonye amafaranga y’uwahohotewe, ashobora no gukurikiranwa ku bindi byaha bitewe n’uburyo yakoresheje n’ingaruka byateje.
Gushyira iterabwoba ku muntu ukoresheje telefone
Ubutumwa bugira buti “nutampa amafaranga ndashyira hanze amafoto yawe”, cyangwa “nzi aho abana bawe biga” ntibuba bukiri urwenya urwenya.
Ingingo ya 35 ihana gukoresha ikoranabuhanga mu kubuza umuntu amahwemo cyangwa kumushyiraho ibikangisho bigamije kumutera umutima uhagaze cyangwa ubwoba. Icyo amategeko yita iterabwoba muri uru rwego si ngombwa ko uwakoresheje amagambo aba yahise ashyira mu bikorwa ibyo yavuze.
Ubutumwa, uburyo bwoherejwemo, inshuro bwasubiwemo, isano iri hagati y’ababuranye n’ubwoba bwatewe uwabwakiriye bishobora gusuzumwa. Ubutumwa bwo kuri WhatsApp cyangwa ku rundi rubuga bushobora gusibwa kuri telefone y’uwabwohereje, ariko kopi yabwo ikaba ikiri kuri telefone y’uwabwakiriye, muri backup, muri email cyangwa mu makuru abikwa n’abatanga serivisi. Amafoto yafashwe kuri ecran, amajwi, nimero ya telefone, aderesi ya internet, igihe ubutumwa bwoherejwe n’uburyo amafaranga yishyuwe bishobora kwifashishwa mu iperereza. Icyakora, ibimenyetso by’ikoranabuhanga bigomba gukusanywa no kubikwa ku buryo butuma umwimerere wabyo n’uwabitanze bishobora kugenzurwa.
Ubwisanzure bwo kuvuga ntibukuraho inshingano
Umuntu afite uburenganzira bwo kunenga, gutanga ibitekerezo, gutera urwenya no kubaza abayobozi cyangwa ibigo ibyo bakora. Ariko ubwo burenganzira ntibumuha ububasha bwo guhimba amakuru, kwiyitirira abandi, gukwirakwiza ibanga ryabo, kubatera ubwoba cyangwa kubashukisha ubutumwa bugamije kubambura. Mbere yo gukanda kuri “send”, “share” cyangwa “post”, umuntu akwiye kwibaza ati: Aya makuru ni ukuri? Mfite uburenganzira bwo kuyatangaza? Ntabwo ashobora kwangiza undi cyangwa kumushyira mu kaga? Kuko ku ikoranabuhanga, amagambo atangira nk’urwenya ashobora kurangirira mu iperereza, mu rukiko, ku gihano cyangwa kwishyura indishyi.
Icyitonderwa – Disclaimer: Iyi nyandiko igamije gutanga amakuru rusange ku mategeko ariko ntisimbura ubujyanama mu by’amategeko. Ubujyanama bwihariye butangwa nyuma yo gusesengura ikibazo bwite cy’uwagishije inama n’andi makuru ajyanye na cyo.
