Uko imyaka ishira indi ikaza, ni ko ikoranabuhanga muri serivisi zitandukanye rirushaho gutera imbere. Ndabyibuka neza ko mu myaka ya 2000, umubyeyi wanjye wari utuye mu cyaro ntiyari asobanukiwe uburyo yashoboraga kubika amafaranga ye mu buryo bwizewe akoresheje telefoni. Mwabyumvise neza, yabikaga amafaranga mu gikwembe, kandi iyo yabaga yabonye menshi mu bucuruzi bwa butiki yakoraga, yayashyiraga mu gasanduku.
Ariko nk’uko wa Munyarwanda yabivuze ati “imyaka ni imibare”, ubu ni we muntu usigaye uzi kubika amafaranga ye neza akoresheje telefoni, ku buryo yanageze aho aguriza abana be.
Iyi myumvire ni yo Bagwaneza Maria wo mu Murenge wa Rutunga, mu Karere ka Gasabo, yari afite. Icyakora, ubu avuga ko gukoresha telefoni mu kubika amafaranga byoroheje ubuzima bwe.
Bagwaneza avuga ko mbere yo gutangira kwizigamira akoresheje telefoni, hari ubwo yacuruzaga imbuto mu Isoko rya Nyabugogo akinjiza hafi ibihumbi 15 Frw ku munsi, ariko ntabashe kugira umutekano w’amafaranga ye kubera gutinya abajura no kutizera uburyo bwo kuyabika.
Yabwiye UMUSEKE ati: “Ikiza ni uko iyo nabitse udufaranga kuri telefoni, nkaba mfite umwana wanjye uri ku kigo cy’amashuri kiri kure, akampamagara ati ‘Ndashaka amafaranga’, njya ku mukozi wa sosiyete y’itumanaho (agent) cyangwa nkamwoherereza, nkabona biranyoroheye. Ni cyo kiza cya telefoni. Kandi amafaranga yawe aba afite umutekano; niyo bakwibye telefoni, uragenda ugakora ‘swap’, amafaranga yawe bakayakugarurira. Telefoni, mbese, yabaye imbangukiragutabara. Nta kibazo tukigira.”
Yongeraho ko, uretse kwizigamira akoresheje telefoni, ubu afite na konti muri SACCO zahujwe na telefoni. Avuga ko ibyo bituma yizera umutekano w’amafaranga ye kandi ko iyo ayakeneye, atagomba kujya gutonda umurongo muri banki.
Akomeza ati: “Ubu na banki bazihuje na telefoni, nshobora kuvuga ngo mfite amafaranga kuri SACCO, nkayabikuza ndi mu rugo. Cya gihe nabikaga ku gikwembe, nta mutekano nabaga mfite, kimwe n’iyo nabaga mfite amafaranga nayabitse mu rugo, umutima wanjye ugasanga utari hamwe. N’ibyo ndeba, nkabirebesha amaso, ariko umutima ntubizirikane, dore ko bashoboraga no kuba bakingura inzu bakayatwara. Ariko iyo ari kuri telefoni, uyafite nta kibazo uba ufite.”
Mbonampeka Emelise wo mu Murenge wa Bonezamu Karere ka Rutsiro na we ati: “Kubika amafaranga kuri telefoni bituma uyakoresha neza, ugahaha ibiteguye, ukamenya ko uhahira rimwe kugira ngo wirinde ko bagenda bagukata udufaranga twa hato na hato. Ikindi, bituma twizigamira, cyane ko na konti yacu ya SACCO bikorana.”
Imibare irabihamya
Mu ntangiriro z’Ukwakira uyu mwaka, Minisitiri w’Intebe, Dr. Nsengiyumva Justin, ageza ku Nteko Ishinga Amategeko imitwe yombi ibikorwa bya Guverinoma mu guteza imbere urwego rw’imari, yavuze ko ishoramari mu bikorwa remezo by’imari n’ikoranabuhanga rigamije kugeza ku baturage serivisi z’imari zihuse, zizewe kandi zidahenze.
Dr. Nsengiyumva yavuze ko kuva mu 2017 kugeza mu 2024, umubare w’Abanyarwanda bafite uburyo bwo kugera kuri serivisi z’imari zemewe wazamutse uva kuri 68% ugera kuri 92%. Iyo hiyongereyeho abagerwaho na serivisi zo kwizigamira binyuze mu bimina gusa, uwo mubare ugera kuri 96%.
Yavuze ko kuri ubu, serivisi nyinshi bitagisaba ko umuturage ajya ku ishami rya banki, ahubwo ashobora kuzikoresha yifashishije telefoni n’izindi nzira z’ikoranabuhanga.
Avuga ko impinduka zigaragarira cyane mu kwishyurana hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga, aho mu 2025 abagera kuri 73,7% by’abantu bakuru bishyuranye hakoreshejwe ubu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga rya telefoni.
Umubare w’ibikorwa byo kwishyurana hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga na wo wariyongereye uva hafi kuri miliyoni 256 mu 2017 ugera kuri miliyari 3,1 mu 2025.
Ni mu gihe agaciro k’amafaranga yahererekanyijwe nako kazamutse. Kavuye kuri miliyari ibihumbi 2,9 z’Amafaranga y’u Rwanda kagera kuri miliyari ibihumbi 85,5.
Minisitiri w’Intebe yongeraho ko by’umwihariko, hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga, amabanki yakomeje kwegereza abaturage serivisi zazo binyuze mu kongera umubare w’abayahagarariye batanga serivisi z’imari. Igipimo kigaragaza ko ku bantu bakuru 100.000, abatanga serivisi z’amabanki biyongereye bakava kuri 67 mu 2020 bakagera kuri 228 mu 2025.
Mu bushakashatsi Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ibarurishamibare cyakoze ku buryo umurimo uhagaze mu Rwanda, harebwa abatunze telefone n’ubumenyi bafite ku gukoresha ikoranabuhanga, “ Labor Force survey”, bugaragaza ko kugeza ubu ingo zo mu Rwanda zitunze telefoni ari 85%.
Imibare yagaragaje ko ingo zo mu Rwanda 85.4% zirimo nibura umuntu umwe utunze telefone hatitawe ku bwoko, ingo ziyobowe n’abagabo zikagira ubwiganze kuko muri zo 88,5% zirimo telefone mu gihe iziyobowe n’abagore zifite telefone ari 75,9%.
Imibare igaragaza ko abatunze smartphone biganje mu bice by’imijyi aho bagera kuri 77,1% mu gihe abatuye mu byaro bazitunze ku rugero rwa 45,6%.
Ibi byose bituma abakoresha uburyo bwo kwizigama no guhererekanya amafaranga hakoreshejwe telefoni birushaho kuzamuka no kwitabirwa cyane.
Abatekamutwe bifashisha ikoranabuhanga na bo barahari
Nubwo hishimirwa intambwe imaze guterwa mu gukoresha ikoranabuhanga mu kwizigamira no koherezanya amafaranga, hari n’abandi bagamije gushakira amaronko mu buriganya bwifashisha ikoranabuhanga.
Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe mu 2026 n’Ikigo TransUnion gishinzwe gukusanya amakuru ku myenda y’ibigo by’imari, ku buriganya bukorwa hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga, bugaragaza ko 62% by’abaguzi bavuze ko nibura bahuye n’igitero cy’ikoranabuhanga inshuro imwe mu mezi atatu, mu gihe 9% ari bo byagizeho ingaruka.
Imibare igaragaza ko 30% by’abakoze uburiganya kuri telefoni biyitaga abakozi ba MTN, amabanki cyangwa Polisi, bagamije kwiba abantu. Mu gihe 23% bo bakoresheje amayeri yo kohereza ubutumwa bugamije kwiba abantu.
Muri rusange, 53% by’uburiganya bwakozwe bwifashishije telefoni, bityo abantu bakaba basabwa kuba maso.
Impuguke akaba n’Umusesenguzi mu by’Ubukungu, Teddy Kaberuka, yabwiye UMUSEKE ko gukoresha telefoni mu koherezanya amafaranga no kwizigamira ari ingenzi cyane ku bukungu bw’umuturage n’igihugu muri rusange.
Agira inama abantu yo kuba maso no kurinda amagambo banga yabo kugira ngo barinde umutekano w’amafaranga yabo.
Yagize ati: “Abantu nibabe maso, birinde gutanga ijambobanga ryabo. Ibi bikunze kugaragara cyane mu cyaro, aho bamwe baba batarasobanukirwa neza n’ikoreshwa ry’ikoranabuhanga, ariko n’abandi bose bakwiye kuba maso.”
Urwego rw’Igihugu rw’Ubugenzacyaha (RIB) na rwo rukunze gutanga ubutumwa buburira abantu, rubasaba kuba maso, ndetse rimwe na rimwe rugata muri yombi abakekwaho uburiganya bukoresha ikoranabuhanga.
Ku wa 15 Ukwakira, abantu 26 bakekwaho kwiyitirira sosiyete y’itumanaho ya MTN bakiba abakiliya bayo amafaranga asaga miliyoni 7 Frw, batangiye kuburana mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge.
Dosiye y’abaregwa igaragaza ko mu bihe bitandukanye, aba bantu bashinze umutwe uzwi nka “Aba-Men”, bakambura abantu amafaranga bakoresheje uburiganya.
Abantu barasabwa kuba maso no gutanga amakuru ku gihe mu gihe bahuye n’uburiganya bukoresheje ikoranabuhanga bugamije kubiba amafaranga yabo.
TUYISHIMIRE Raymond
UMUSEKE.RW
