Iyi nkuru irimo ibitekerezo bya Rukiramacumu Nelson ku kibazo cyo gufunga inganda zikora ibisindisha (inzoga zitujuje ubuziranenge), n’ibibazo bikomeye icyo cyemezo gisiga inyuma
Gufunga uruganda rukora inzoga zitujuje ubuziranenge ni icyemezo cyo kurengera ubuzima bw’abaturage. Ariko iyo inganda zirenga 100 zifungwa mu minsi mike, ikibazo ntikiba kikiri icy’Abanyenganda gusa. Abari bashinzwe kugenzura izo nganda mbere y’uko ibicuruzwa byazo bigera ku baturage, babinywa igihe runaka na bo bagomba gusobanura aho bari bari. Gufunga ni kimwe, kubazwa inshingano ni ikindi.
Impera za Nyakanga n’intangiriro za Kanama 2026, Abanyarwanda barimo kwakira umunsi ku wundi amatangazo y’Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe ubugenzuzi bw’ibiribwa n’imiti, Rwanda Food and Drugs Authority (Rwanda FDA) n’Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Ubuziranenge (RSB) ahagarika inganda zikora ibinyobwa bisindisha, akanambura impushya zo gukora, kandi agategeka ko ibicuruzwa byazo bikurwa ku isoko.
Inganda zirenga 100 zamaze guhagarikwa. Amatangazo yakomeje gukurikirana, kugeza ubwo umubare w’inganda zahagaritswe wageze ku 136, nk’uko byatangajwe kuri uyu wa 04 Kanama na kimwe mu binyamakuru bikorera kuri murandasi mu Rwanda.
Buri rutonde ruraza rufite amazina y’inganda n’ibinyobwa zakoraga. Abacuruzi basabwe guhagarika kubigurisha, ababikwirakwiza basabwa kubikusanya, naho inganda zisabwa kubisubiza aho byakorewe no kugeza kuri Rwanda FDA raporo y’uko icyo gikorwa cyagenze. Gusa hamwe na hamwe hagaragaye, abaturage bapfundura amacupa y’izo nzoga bazimena. Na byo bitera kwibaza. Ese kuzimena byujuje ubuziranenge byo? Bikorwa bite ko nta mabwiriza ahari abigena?
Iki cyemezo kirakomeye kandi cyatabara ubuzima bwa benshi. Ariko uko urutonde rw’inganda zahagaritswe rwiyongera, ni na ko hari ikibazo gikomeye gikomeje kwibazwa: Ni gute inganda zingana zityo zamaze igihe zikora, ibinyobwa byazo bikagera mu maduka, mu tubari no mu ngo, kandi hari inzego za Leta zashyiriweho kugenzura ubuziranenge no kurengera ubuzima bw’abaguzi?
Iki kibazo kirushaho kuremera iyo gishyizwe iruhande rw’imibare yatangajwe na Minisiteri y’Ubuzima. Minisitiri w’Ubuzima, Dr Sabin Nsanzimana, yavuze ko mu mezi arindwi ya mbere ya 2026 abantu barenga 500 bari bamaze kuvurwa ibibazo bifitanye isano n’inzoga zitemewe, cyangwa zitujuje ubuziranenge. Amakuru yatangajwe n’ibitangazamakuru bitandukanye avuga ko abagera kuri 50 bapfuye, naho abarenga 100 bakagira ibibazo bikomeye birimo kutabona.
Dr Nsanzimana mu kiganiro kuri RBA yavuze ko inganda zigera kuri 240 zikora bene izi nzoga mu Rwanda hose. Mu gihugu nk’u Rwanda gifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 26 338 ibi byagombye kwibazwaho. Ni gute izo nganda 240 zageze aho zikora, zimwe zikamara igihe ku isoko, zikoresha abakozi, zigakwirakwiza ibicuruzwa hirya no hino mu gihugu, kandi ubucuruzi bwazo bugenzurwa n’inzego za Leta?
Umunyenganda afite inshingano ya mbere, ariko si we wenyine
Nta mpaka zikwiye kuba ku nshingano z’umunyenganda. Uwashoye amafaranga mu gukora ibinyobwa bisindisha afite inshingano ya mbere yo kwemeza ko ibyo ashyira ku isoko bidashyira ubuzima bw’abaturage mu kaga. Amabwiriza ya Rwanda FDA yerekeye iyandikwa ry’ibiribwa n’ibinyobwa bitunganyijwe, avuga ko uwabikoze ari we ufite inshingano y’ibanze yo kwemeza ko bifite umutekano kandi bigatangwaho amakuru atayobya umuguzi.
Umunyenganda wakoze ibinyobwa birimo ibinyabutabire byangiza ubuzima, wahinduye ibipimo byari byemejwe, wakoreye ahantu hadakwiriye cyangwa wacuruje ibicuruzwa atabifitiye uburenganzira agomba kubiryozwa.
Ariko kugira ngo ikinyobwa kigere ku isoko, hari inzira kinyuramo. Hari ibipimo kigomba kubahiriza, hari ibizamini bigomba gukorwa, hari impushya zitangwa kandi hari n’igenzura rigomba gukomeza nyuma y’uko ibicuruzwa bitangiye kugurishwa. Ni muri urwo rwego ikibazo kitagomba kurangirira ku gufunga inganda. Hagomba no kubazwa uko ibicuruzwa byazo byageze ku isoko n’igihe byahamaze.
Rwanda FDA yari he mbere y’uko urutonde ruba rurerure gutya?
Rwanda FDA yashyizweho n’Itegeko Nº 003/2018 ryo ku wa 9 Gashyantare 2018. Inshingano yayo nyamukuru ni ukurengera ubuzima bw’abaturage, binyuze mu kugenzura imiti, ibiribwa n’ibinyobwa bitunganyijwe n’ibindi bicuruzwa bishobora kugira ingaruka ku buzima.
Iki kigo gifite ububasha bwo kugenzura inganda, gufata ibicuruzwa ngo bipimwe, gukurikirana ibiri ku isoko no kubikuraho igihe bigaragaye ko bishobora gushyira ubuzima bw’abantu mu kaga.
Kuba FDA yarafashe icyemezo cyo guhagarika inganda no gukura ibicuruzwa byazo ku isoko, ni ugukoresha ububasha ihabwa n’amategeko. Ariko kuba inganda zirenga 100 zafatiwe icyemezo mu minsi mike bituma iki kigo na cyo kigomba gusubiza ibibazo bikomeye. Izo nganda zari zimaze igihe kingana iki zikora? Ni ryari buri ruganda rwari ruherutse kugenzurwa? Ni ibihe bibazo byari byarabonetse mbere, kandi ni izihe nama rwari rwarahawe? Ibinyobwa byahagaritswe byose byapimwe muri laboratwari? Ese hari amakosa mashya yavumbuwe, cyangwa ni ibibazo byari bisanzwe bizwi ariko bitarafatirwa ibyemezo?
Umwe mu bahanga mu binyabutabire yasabye ko hagaragazwa ibimenyetso bya gihanga byashingiweho, agira ati “Niba buri cyemezo cyo gufunga gishingiye kuri “certificate of analysis”, (raporo y’igenzura) cyangwa byombi, ibyo bikwiye gusobanurirwa abaturage.” Kuko inkubiri inganda ziri gufungwamo mu minsi mike, iragaragaza ko inganda zifungwa kuko zikora bene izo nzoga gusa, ariko nta rindi genzura rikoranywe ubuhanga ribwirwa abaturage. Ese bamwe mu banyenganda ntibaba bari bubigenderemo bazira akamama?
Uyu muhanga akomeza yibaza niba muri buri dosiye harabanje kuboneka raporo y’igenzura cyangwa icyemezo cya laboratwari kigaragaza ikibazo cyabonetse mu kinyobwa, cyane ko urutonde rw’inganda zafatiwe ibyemezo rwagiye rusohoka mu gihe gito cyane.
Ibi ntibivuze ko ibyemezo bya Rwanda FDA bidafite ishingiro. Ahubwo ni ugusaba ko ikigo gitangaza amakuru ahagije agaragaza icyo buri ruganda rwazize. Kuvuga gusa ko uruganda “rutubahirije amabwiriza” ntibihagije ku kibazo gifite ingaruka ku buzima bw’abantu. Abaturage bakeneye kumenya niba ikibazo cyari isuku nke, imikorere mibi, kubura uruhushya, guhindura ibipimo cyangwa gukoresha ikinyabutabire gishobora kwica.
Ese igenzura rikorwa rite?
Hari amakuru avugwa n’abantu bavuga ko bazi imikorere y’igenzura, ariko agikeneye kwemezwa n’inzego zibishinzwe. Bavuga ko rimwe na rimwe uruganda rwamenyeshwaga mbere itariki ruzagenzurirwaho, cyangwa rugasabwa kohereza “sample” (impagararizi) y’ikinyobwa kugira ngo ipimwe. Niba koko uruganda rumenyeshwa igihe ruzagenzurirwa, rushobora kugira igihe cyo gutegura aho rukorera no guhisha imikorere isanzwe. Niba ari rwo rwitoranyiriza sample yo kohereza muri laboratwari, na bwo ntihaba icyizere gihagije ko icyo cyitegererezo ari kimwe n’ibicuruzwa biri ku isoko.
Aya makuru akomeza avuga ko ngo hari n’ubwo ikigo gishinzwe kugenzura cyavugaga ko kidafite amafaranga yo kugura samples mu maduka atandukanye ngo bapime ibicuruzwa nk’uko bigera ku muguzi. Ibi byaba biteye kwibaza niba ikigo cya leta cyabura ibihumbi 50, ibihumbi 100, cyangwa ibihumbi 200Frw yo kugura samples zifasha kumenya niba abaturarwanda bagerwaho n’ibinyobwa byuzuje ubuziranenge.
Ibi bigomba kubazwa Rwanda FDA na RSB mbere yo gufatwa nk’ukuri. Ariko biramutse byemejwe, byaba bigaragaza icyuho gikomeye mu buryo bwo kugenzura isoko. Igenzura rifite imbaraga rigomba gushobora kugura ibicuruzwa mu ibanga, ahantu hatandukanye, rikabipima nta ruganda rubanje kumenya ko rugenzurwa.
RSB ifite ibyo igomba gusobanura
Rwanda Standards Board (RSB) ishinzwe gushyiraho ibipimo by’ubuziranenge, gupima ibicuruzwa no gutanga ibyemezo birimo S-Mark. Nubwo inshingano zo kugenzura no gufatira ibihano ibicuruzwa by’ibiribwa n’ibinyobwa ziri cyane kuri Rwanda FDA, na RSB ntikwiye kubura mu bagomba gutanga ibisobanuro.
Ni ibihe bicuruzwa mu byahagaritswe byari bifite S-mark? Ibyemezo byabyo byatanzwe ryari? Ese hari ibinyobwa byari byarahawe icyemezo ariko nyuma bikaza guhindura ibigize, cyangwa uburyo bikorwamo? Iyo ikinyobwa cyahawe S-mark gishyizwe ku rutonde rw’ibikurwa ku isoko, icyo cyemezo kiba cyarahagaritswe, cyararangiye cyangwa ikibazo kiba cyarabonetse nyuma yo kugihabwa? Ese kwamburwa S-mark warayihawe mbere ntibigaragaza uguhutiraho (pressure) n’ihuzagurika kubera intera ikibazo cyafashe zarenze urwego ubwarwo.
Mu 2018, RSB yatangaje ko yari yarahuguye inganda zikora ibinyobwa bikomoka ku bitoki n’ibimera, ikazifasha gukurikiza uburyo bwiza bwo gukora no kubahiriza amabwiriza y’umutekano w’ibiribwa. Icyo gihe RSB yanagaragaje ko mbere hari inganda zahinduraga ibipimo bya ‘ethanol’ (ikinyabutabire) mu buryo budahoraho, ku buryo ikinyobwa cyashoboraga gukorwa kirimo ‘ethanol’ ingana na 3% uyu munsi, ejo kikagira 20%. Yanagaragaje ibibazo by’isuku, gupfunyika nabi no gukoresha ibikoresho bidakwiriye.
Ibi bigaragaza ko ikibazo cy’ubuziranenge muri uru rwego kitavutse muri Kanama 2026. Inzego zari zisanzwe zikizi. Ikibazwa ni ingamba zafashwe mu myaka yabanje n’impamvu zitabashije gukumira ko ibinyobwa bishobora guteza akaga bigera ku baguzi.
N’uruganda Leta yashoyemo imari ntirwasigaye
Ku mwanya wa 31 w’urutonde rwashyizwe ahagaragara na Rwanda FDA hagaragaraho Southern Province Investment Corporation, SPIC Ltd. Uru ruganda rwakoraga Ituro Ikigage na Lala Ginger Flavoured Alcoholic Drink. SPIC Ltd ni ikigo cyashowemo imari n’Intara y’Amajyepfo (Uturere). Kuba na cyo cyarafatiwe icyemezo bishobora kugaragaza ko igenzura ritagomba kurobanura. Ariko binabyutsa ikibazo gikomeye kurushaho: Ni gute ikigo Leta yashoyemo imari kigera aho gifungwa n’urundi rwego rwa Leta kubera kutuzuza ibisabwa?
Mu 2022, RSB yashimiye SPIC Ltd nyuma yo guha Ituro Ikigage Nyarwanda icyemezo cy’ubuziranenge. Kuba icyo kinyobwa cyarigeze kugaragazwa nk’icyujuje ibisabwa, nyuma uruganda rugashyirwa ku rutonde rwafatiwe icyemezo, bisaba ibisobanuro birambuye. Ese icyemezo cyari cyararangiye? Ese uburyo icyo kinyobwa cyakorwagamo bwarahindutse? Ese ikibazo cyabonetse ku kindi kinyobwa, kigatuma ibicuruzwa byose by’uruganda bikurwa ku isoko? Abahagarariye Leta mu buyobozi bw’icyo kigo bakurikiranaga bate imikorere yacyo n’ubuziranenge bw’ibicuruzwa byacyo?
Zimwe mu nzoga zitwa “byuma” ziragurishwa make mu ibanga ngo abacuruzi bataviramo aho
Hari amakuru avuga ko nyuma y’amatangazo yo guhagarika inganda, hari ibinyobwa byaguraga Frw 1.000, Frw 2.000 byatangiye kugurishwa ku mafaranga make, bamwe mu bacuruzi bagerageza gukuramo nibura make mu byo bari barashoyemo.
Aya makuru aragaragaza akandi kaga: ibicuruzwa byategetswe gukurwa ku isoko byaba bigikomeje kugurishwa ku giciro gito, mu ibanga, bigera ku baturage bari basanzwe babikoresha noneho kuri make cyane, bikaba byatera kuvuga ngo “urwishe ya nka ruracyayirimo!”
Ku rundi ruhande, abacuruzi bato baguze ibyo binyobwa mu buryo bwemewe na bo bafite impungenge zo guhomba. Ni nde uzabasubiza amafaranga yabo? Ese inganda zafunzwe zifite ubushobozi bwo kwishyura abacuruzi? Bigenda bite iyo uruganda rudafite amafaranga cyangwa umutungo uhagije wo kwakira ibicuruzwa no kwishyura ababiguze?
Gutegeka ko ibicuruzwa bikurwa ku isoko ni ngombwa. Ariko uburyo bikurwaho, aho bijyanwa, uko byangizwa n’uwishyura igihombo na byo bigomba gukurikiranwa mu mucyo.
Abangijwe n’ “ibyuma” bo bazafashwa na nde?
Mu gihe inzego zikomeje gusohora intonde z’inganda zahagaritswe, hari Abanyarwanda bashobora kuba baramaze kwangizwa n’ibicuruzwa byazo. Hari ababaye imbata, abagize uburwayi buhoraho, abatakaje ubushobozi bwo kubona n’imiryango yatakaje abantu. Abo ntibakwiye kwibagirana nyuma y’uko uruganda rufunzwe.
Leta ifite inshingano yo kurengera ubuzima bw’abaturage. Ikeneye kugaragaza uburyo abantu bakekwaho kuba baragizweho ingaruka n’izi nzoga bazamenyekana, bagapimwa kandi bagakurikiranwa. Hakenewe guhuza amakuru y’ibitaro, ibigo nderabuzima, inzego z’ibanze, Rwanda FDA na RIB kugira ngo hamenyekane ibinyobwa banyoye n’ingaruka byabagizeho.
Hakenewe kandi gusobanurwa niba hari gahunda yo gufasha abafite ibibazo by’amaso, umwijima, impyiko cyangwa imyakura bishobora kuba bifitanye isano n’ibinyobwa byangiza ubuzima. Abaturage bagomba kubwirwa ibimenyetso bagomba kwitondera n’aho bashobora kujya kwisuzumisha, ndetse n’aho batanga amakuru ku baturanyi bazi ibi binyobwa byagizeho ingaruka kuko baba babana na bo bazwi.
Icyakora, kugena ko uruganda cyangwa ikinyobwa runaka ari cyo cyateye umuntu uburwayi bisaba ibimenyetso bya gihanga n’ibya muganga. Ni yo mpamvu inzego zikwiye gushyiraho uburyo bwo kubikusanya aho kuba zagendera ku marangamurima. Niba bigaragaye ko umuntu yangijwe n’ikinyobwa cyakozwe cyangwa cyacurujwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, hagomba no gusobanurwa uburyo yakwishyurwa n’ababigizemo uruhare.
Gufunga ni kimwe, kubazwa inshingano ni ikindi
Inganda zikora ibinyobwa zifite inshingano ya mbere yo kudashyira ku isoko ikinyobwa gishobora kwica cyangwa kumugaza umuguzi. Uwabikoze abizi agomba kubiryozwa. Ariko Rwanda FDA na yo igomba gusobanura igihe izo nganda zagenzuriwe, ibyo zasabwe gukosora, ibipimo byabonetse n’impamvu ikibazo cyafatiwe ibyemezo ku rwego rungana gutya muri Kanama 2026. RSB igomba gusobanura ibijyanye n’ibipimo, ibizamini n’ibyemezo byari bifitwe n’ibicuruzwa byahagaritswe.
Abacuruzi bakomeje kugurisha ibicuruzwa nyuma y’uko bategetswe kubihagarika na bo bagomba kubazwa inshingano. Ariko abaguze ibicuruzwa mu buryo bwemewe mbere y’itangazo ntibakwiye guterwa igihombo nta buryo bwo kubarengera bwashyizweho.
Gufunga uruganda ni uguhagarika ikibi rushobora gukora uyu munsi. Kubaza inshingano ni ugusubira inyuma ukamenya uko ikibazo cyavutse, igihe cyamaze, uwari ugifiteho amakuru, uwari ufite ububasha bwo kugikumira n’impamvu atabikoze.
Abanyarwanda ntibakeneye gusa urundi rutonde rw’inganda zafunzwe. Bakeneye ibisubizo. Bakeneye kumenya icyo ibinyobwa byahagaritswe byari bifite, igihe byamaze ku isoko, niba ibyo banyoye bishobora kubagiraho ingaruka n’aho bajya kwisuzumisha. Bakeneye kandi kumenya ubazwa inshingano ku buzima bwamaze kwangirika n’ingamba zizasubiza ikibazo ku mizi.
Iyo inganda zirenga 100 zifunzwe icyarimwe, ntibiba bikiri ikibazo cy’Abanyenganda gusa. Biba ari ikibazo cya gahunda yose yari ishinzwe kwemeza ko ibyo Abanyarwanda banywa bifite umutekano. Ni byiza ko inganda zitujuje ibisabwa zifungwa. Ariko nyuma yo gufunga imiryango yazo, inzego zari zishinzwe kuzikurikirana na zo zigomba gukingura imiryango yazo, zigatanga ibisobanuro.
Rukiramacumu Nelson
