Iyi nyandiko ni Isesengura ry’umunyamategeko MUNYANDINDA Jean Bosco wo muri LEX NOVA Chambers aboneka kuri telefoni (+250) 788 383 936
Mu mvugo ya buri munsi, amagambo ubusambanyi, ubushoreke n’ubuharike akunze gukoreshwa nk’aho asobanura ikintu kimwe. Nyamara mu mategeko y’u Rwanda, buri jambo rifite icyo risobanura n’ibigomba kubanza kugaragazwa kugira ngo umuntu ahamwe n’icyaha. Kuba umugabo cyangwa umugore abonye ubutumwa buganisha ku rukundo muri telefoni y’uwo bashyingiranywe, amafoto bari kumwe n’undi muntu, cyangwa amakuru y’uko bajya bahurira ahantu runaka, bishobora kubyutsa amakenga no guhungabanya icyizere, ariko ntibihita ubwabyo byuzuza ibigize icyaha.
Iki kibazo gifite uburemere bwihariye muri iki gihe, aho umubare w’imanza z’ubutane ukomeje gutera impungenge. Imibare itangwa n’Urwego rw’Ubucamanza igaragaza ko mu mwaka w’ubucamanza wa 2024–2025 inkiko zakiriye imanza z’ubutane 2.674, zivuye kuri 2.833 mu mwaka wari wabanje; naho mu mezi atandatu ya mbere ya 2026 hakaba haratanzwe ibirego birenga 3.600 by’ubutane. Mu mpamvu zikunze kuvugwa mu gusenyuka kw’ingo harimo ubuhemu hagati y’abashyingiranywe, amakimbirane ashingiye ku mutungo, ihohoterwa rikorerwa mu ngo, ibibazo by’ubukungu no kutuzuza inshingano. N’ubwo iyi mibare itavuga ko izo manza zose zatewe n’ubusambanyi cyangwa ubushoreke, ariko yerekana ko ikibazo cy’amakimbirane mu ngo gikwiye kureberwa icyarimwe mu ndorerwamo y’amategeko, imibereho myiza n’ubwiyunge.
Itegeko rivuga iki ku busambanyi?
Ingingo ya 136 y’Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30 Kanama 2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, nk’uko yahinduwe n’Itegeko nº 69/2019 ryo ku wa 8 Ugushyingo 2019, iteganya ko umuntu washyingiwe ukorana imibonano mpuzabitsina n’uwo batashyingiranywe aba akoze icyaha. Iyo abihamijwe n’urukiko, ahanishwa igifungo kitari munsi y’amezi atandatu ariko kitarenze umwaka umwe.
Ibi bisobanura ko icyaha cy’ubusambanyi kigomba kuba kirimo nibura ibintu bibiri. Icya mbere, uregwa agomba kuba yarashyingiwe ku buryo bwemewe n’amategeko kandi isezerano rye rikiriho. Icya kabiri, hagomba kugaragazwa ko habayeho imibonano mpuzabitsina hagati y’uwashyingiwe n’umuntu batashyingiranywe. Ubucuti, ubutumwa bwo kuri telefoni n’ibindi bishobora kuba ibimenyetso bifasha mu iperereza, ariko si byo itegeko ryita ubusambanyi ubwabyo.
Nubwo iyi ngingo ivuga mbere na mbere “umuntu washyingiwe”, itegeko riteganya ko, iyo ikirego gitanzwe, hakurikiranwa uwashyingiwe uregwa hamwe n’uwo bakoranye icyaha. Bityo, umuntu utarashyingiwe ntakwiriye kwibwira ko kuba nta sezerano ry’ubushyingiranwe afite byonyine bimukuraho ingaruka zose z’inshinjabyaha igihe yakoranye icyo gikorwa n’umuntu washyingiwe.
Ubushoreke butandukaniye he n’ubusambanyi?
Ingingo ya 138 y’Itegeko nº 68/2018 isobanura ubushoreke nk’imibanire isa n’iy’umugabo n’umugore hagati y’abantu batashyingiranywe, mu gihe umwe muri bo cyangwa bombi bafite abo bashyingiranywe. Uwabihamijwe ahanishwa igifungo kirenze umwaka umwe ariko kitarenze imyaka ibiri.
Itandukaniro rikomeye ni uko ubusambanyi bushingira ku gikorwa cy’imibonano mpuzabitsina, mu gihe ubushoreke bushingira ku mibanire irambye isa n’urugo. Kubana mu nzu imwe, kumenyekana mu baturanyi nk’abashakanye, gufatanya imibereho ya buri munsi, kurera abana cyangwa gucunga umutungo nk’urugo bishobora kuba bimwe mu bimenyetso urukiko ruheraho rukora isesengura.
Ubushoreke buhanishwa igihano kiruta icy’ubusambanyi kubera ko itegeko ribufata nk’igikorwa gikomeza kandi gihanganisha urugo rwemewe n’amategeko n’urundi rugo rutemewe.
Ubushoreke butandukanye n’ubuharike. Ubuharike ni ugushyingirwa bwa kabiri isezerano rya mbere ritaraseswa, Ubushoreke bwo ntibusaba irindi sezerano ry’ubushyingiranywe; bugaragazwa gusa n’imibanire isa n’iy’abashakanye.
Ni nde wemerewe gutangiza ikurikiranacyaha?
Aha ni ho ibi byaha bitandukaniye n’ibyaha byinshi. Ikurikiranwa ry’icyaha cy’ubusambanyi ntirishobora gutangira keretse uwahemukiwe mu bashyingiranywe atanze ikirego. Ni na ko bimeze ku bushoreke. Umuturanyi, umuvandimwe cyangwa undi muntu ashobora gutanga amakuru, ariko ntasimbura uwahemukiwe mu gutanga ikirego itegeko risaba.
Uwahemukiwe ashobora kandi kwisubiraho, agasaba ko ikurikiranwa rihagarara aho urubanza rwaba rugeze hose. Guhagarika ikurikiranwa cyangwa irangizwa ry’urubanza bigira ingaruka no k’uwo bakoranye icyaha. Iri hame ryashimangiwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza RS/INCONST/SPEC 00002/2018/SC, Re Mugisha, rwaciwe mu 2019. Urukiko rwabonye ko guha uwahemukiwe ubushobozi bwo kurega no kwisubiraho biha abashyingiranywe umwanya wo kwiyunga no kubabarirana.
Ibi ariko ntibivuze ko ikirego gikwiye gukoreshwa nk’intwaro yo gutera ubwoba, gusebanya cyangwa kwihorera. Urega agomba gutanga amakuru y’ukuri. Gutanga nkana ibirego by’ibinyoma bishobora na byo kubyara uburyozwe. Uregwa kandi akomeza gufatwa nk’umwere kugeza urukiko rubifitiye ububasha rumuhamije icyaha mu rubanza rwabaye ndakuka.
Ubusambanyi cyangwa ubushoreke bigaragazwa n’iki?
Icyaha kigomba kugaragazwa n’Ubushinjacyaha ku rwego rutuma nta gushidikanya gushyize mu gaciro gusigara. Kubera ko imibonano mpuzabitsina ikunze kubera ahiherereye, ibimenyetso bitaziguye bishobora kuba bike. Urukiko rero rusesengura uruhurirane rw’ibimenyetso: ukwemera k’uregwa, ubuhamya, ubutumwa, amafoto, amashusho, amakuru y’ingendo cyangwa y’icumbi, uko abantu babanaga, inyandiko z’amafaranga, ndetse n’ibindi bimenyetso bifite aho bihuriye n’ikirego.
Gusa amakenga si ikimenyetso gihamya icyaha. Kuba abantu bararanye mu nzu imwe ntibihita buri gihe bigaragaza imibonano mpuzabitsina; kimwe n’uko kuba abantu bafitanye umwana bishobora kuba ikimenyetso gikomeye ariko bigomba gushyirwa mu gihe n’imimerere y’urubanza. Ku bushoreke, urukiko ruba rukeneye kureba niba koko hari imibanire ihoraho isa n’iy’umugabo n’umugore, aho gufata ubucuti cyangwa guhura rimwe nk’urugo rwa kabiri.
Abashaka ibimenyetso na bo bagomba kubahiriza amategeko. Kwinjira mu buryo butemewe muri telefoni, email cyangwa konti y’imbuga nkoranyambaga y’undi; gushyiraho porogaramu imukurikirana; gufata amajwi cyangwa amashusho mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko; cyangwa gushyira ku mbuga nkoranyambaga amashusho y’abantu bambaye ubusa bishobora kubangamira ubuzima bwite, amakuru bwite n’icyubahiro cyabo, ndetse bikabyara ikindi kirego. Igikwiye ni ukubika ibimenyetso umuntu yabonye mu buryo bwemewe, kutabihindura no kubishyikiriza inzego zibifitiye ububasha.
Kuki ibyo byaha byakomeje kuguma mu mategeko?
Mu rubanza Re Mugisha, Me Richard Mugisha yari yasabye ko ingingo zihana ubusambanyi, ubushoreke no guta urugo zivanwaho. Mu byo yashingiragaho, yavugaga ko gufunga umwe mu bashyingiranywe bishobora kurushaho gusenya urugo no kubangamira ubwiyunge. Iki gitekerezo kiracyafite abacyemera, bavuga ko ibibazo by’urukundo n’isezerano ry’abashyingiranywe byagakemuwe n’amategeko mbonezamubano, binyuze mu butane, indishyi, ubujyanama n’ubuhuza, aho gukoresha igifungo.
Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ntirwabyemeye. Rwasobanuye ko umuryango utekanye udashobora gushingira ku busambanyi, ubushoreke no guta urugo; bityo kubihana bidashenye umuryango ahubwo bigamije kuwurinda ibiwuhungabanya. Rwashingiye kandi ku ngingo ya 18 y’Itegeko Nshinga, ifata umuryango nk’ishingiro kamere ry’umuryango nyarwanda rigomba kurindwa na Leta. Icyakora, Urukiko rwakuyeho imbogamizi zabuzaga uwahemukiwe guhagarikisha urubanza igihe yiyemeje gukuraho ikirego; iyo mpinduka yaje no kwinjizwa mu Itegeko nº 69/2019.
Impaka rero ziracyakomeza. Ariko igisubizo cy’amategeko y’u Rwanda uyu munsi kirumvikana. ibyo bikorwa biracyari ibyaha, gusa ikurikiranwa ryabyo rishingira ku bushake bw’uwahemukiwe.
Ingaruka ntizigarukira ku gifungo
Ubusambanyi bushobora kubyara imanza ebyiri zitandukanye ariko zifitanye isano. Hari urubanza rw’inshinjabyaha rugamije kumenya niba icyaha cyarabaye no gutanga igihano; hakaba n’urubanza rw’umuryango, aho ubusambanyi ari imwe mu mpamvu zo gusaba ubutane hakurikijwe ingingo ya 248 y’Itegeko nº 71/2024 ryo ku wa 26 Kamena 2024 rigenga abantu n’umuryango.
Icyitonderwa: Iyi nkuru ni isesengura rusange rigamije gusobanurira abasomyi amategeko; ntabwo isimbura inama y’umunyamategeko ku kibazo cy’umuntu ku giti cye.
ESE UBUNDI,ICYAHA NI IKI? Twebwe nk’abantu,hali ibyaha tutajya tubona ko ali ibyaha,nyamara ari ibyaha bikomeye mu maso y’imana.Dore bimwe muli ibyo byaha: Icya mbere,nkuko Yakobo 4,umurongo wa 4 habyerekana,kwibera mu byisi gusa ntushake Imana,ibifata nk’icyaha gikomeye.Kandi abantu nyamwinshi niko bameze.Bibera mu gushaka ibyisi gusa ntibashake Imana.Ikindi cyaha gikomeye cyane,ni ukuba mu madini asenga mu buryo budahuje na bible.Urugero ni abasenga ubutatu,nyamara bible ivuga ko Imana ishobora byose kandi idapfa,ari Se wa Yezu gusa.Yezu yerekanye ko abantu benshi ari abali mu madini imana itemera nkuko Matayo 7,imirongo ya 13 na 14 habyerekana.Abo bose badashaka imana bakibera mu by’isi gusa,hamwe n’abali mu madini y’ikinyoma,izabarimbura ku munsi w’imperuka wegereje nkuko bible ibyerekana.Kimwe n’abandi bose bakora ibyo itubuza.