Mu Rwanda, ubwisanzure bw’itangazamakuru bugengwa n’Itegeko Nshinga rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda ryo mu 2003 ryavuguruwe mu 2015, cyane cyane mu ngingo ya 38.
Iyo ngingo ivuga ku bwisanzure bw’itangazamakuru, ubwo kugaragaza ibitekerezo n’ubwo guhabwa amakuru.
Ivuga ko ubwisanzure bwo kugaragaza ibitekerezo n’ubwo guhabwa amakuru butagomba kubangamira ituze rusange rya rubanda n’imyifatire mbonezabupfura, ukurengera urubyiruko n’abana, n’uburenganzira bw’umwenegihugu bwo kugira icyubahiro n’agaciro, ubwo kutagira uwivanga mu mibereho ye bwite n’iy’umuryango we.
Uko ubwo bwisanzure bukoreshwa n’iyubahirizwa ryabwo biteganywa n’amategeko.
Ese koko Abanyamakuru bo mu Rwanda bakorera mu bwisanzure ?
Hashize igihe umunyamakuru Manirakiza Théogène nyiri ikinyamakuru Ukwezi kikanagira umuyoboro wa YouTube, atangaje ko yahunze.
Uyu munyamakuru ubimazemo igihe, mu kiganiro yahaye BBC, yavuze ko yahunze ku mpamvu zishingiye ku mwuga w’itangazamakuru.
Ati “Nkuko bigenda ku muntu uwo ari we wese, ahunga kuko adatekanye. Ariko nkanavuga ko icyambayeho ari impamvu z’ako kanya. Ariko nari mfite impamvu nyinshi cyane zishingiye ku mwuga w’itangazamakuru zatumaga mbona ko ntatekanye. Hari abantu runaka babaga batifuza ko inkuru zidasohoka, zanasohoka bakifuza ko zidakomeza.”
Uyu avuga ko ibyo byamugizeho ingaruka, ndetse yaje gufungwa ku mpamvu we avuga ko zari zishingiye ku kazi ke k’itangazamakuru.
Ati “Umuntu wagufungishije aba yiyambaje inzego za leta, izo nzego ni zo wasubira inyuma ngo mundinde?”
Raporo y’umuryango uharanira ubwisanzure bw’itangazamakuru, ‘Reporters Sans Frontières’ (RSF), yashyize u Rwanda ku mwanya wa nyuma mu karere k’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba.
Iyi raporo yasohotse muri Gicurasi umwaka ushize, yashyiraga u Rwanda ku mwanya wa 146 n’amanota 35/100 mu bihugu 180 byakoreweho ubushakashatsi.
Icyakora Leta y’u Rwanda ivuga ko igipimo cy’ubwisanzure bw’itangazamakuru kiri hejuru.
Ibipimo ku bwisanzure bw’itangazamakuru bikunze gusohoka mu cyegeranyo gikorwa n’Urwego rw’Igihugu rw’Imiyoborere, RGB (Rwanda Media Barometers) bigaragaza ko itangazamakuru mu Rwanda rihagaze neza mu bwisanzure.
Ubushakashatsi nk’ubwo bwakozwe muri 2024 bugaragaza ko kwishimira ubwisanzure bw’itangazamakuru mu Rwanda biri ku kigereranyo cya 90%.
Abanyamakuru bo babibona gute ?
Umunyamakuru Oswald Mutuyeyezu uzwi nka Oswakim yabwiye UMUSEKE ko leta itima ubwisanzure itangazamakuru ryo mu Rwanda, gusa akavuga ko hakigaragaramo ibibazo bitandukanye birimo n’iby’ubunyamwuga.
Ati “Ntabwo leta iniga itangazamakuru ririsanzuye mu rugero ruri aho, ariko abanyamakuru bakorana ukutiyizera. Batinya abayobozi, batinya abanyamafaranga naho leta yo irarengana.”
Akomeza ati “Icyo twasaba leta ni ukureba uburyo yayungurura ibintu by’akavuyo, hanyuma itangazamakuru rigakora mu buryo busukuye kuko abaturage ni bo babigenderamo.”
Mutuyeyezu anagaragaza ko ubukene bwa bimwe mu bitangazamakuru biri mu bigira ingaruka ku mikorere y’itangazamakuru.
Ati “Ibyo bintu biri mu bituma rya tangazamakuru ritisanzura. Kuko na RBA ubwayo ntiyisanzuye kuko iramamaza, none se wa mukiriya wayo yahemukiye umuturage yatangaza iyo nkuru gute? Ukutisanzura kundi abanyamakuru ni bato, nta kwiyizera.”
Yongeraho ko kuba nta Minisiteri ireberera itangazamakuru ari bimwe mu mpamvu itangazamakuru ryo mu Rwanda rikirimo ibibazo bitandukanye.
Ati “Iyi politiki y’itangazamakuru yabuze epfo na ruguru, igenda ihererekanwa, ni uko nta Minisiteri y’itangazamakuru ihari. Politiki y’itangazamakuru ni nshyashya, yakagombye kuba yarasohotse ariko nta Minisiteri ihari. Nta muntu ukwiye kuvuga n’ibikwiye gukorwa mu itangazamakuru mu Nama y’Abaminisitiri.”
Kalinijabo Jean de Dieu ni umunyamakuru umaze imyaka 16, yakoze mu bitangazamakuru bitandukanye ndetse kuri ubu arikorera ku muyoboro wa YouTube witwa Primo Media Rwanda.
Kalinijabo na we ashimangira ko igipimo leta ireberamo ubwisanzure bw’itangazamakuru atari cyo bo ubwabo nk’abanyamakuru bakireberamo.
Ati “Uburyo leta ireberamo ubwisanzure bw’itangazamakuru twebwe nk’abanyamakuru ntabwo ari bwo tureberamo. Leta ivuga ko ubwisanzure bw’itangazamakuru bugaragara hashingiwe ku byegeranyo bya RGB, bagaragaza ko hejuru ya 90% ubwisanzure bw’itangazamakuru buhari ariko ibyo leta igenderaho twebwe nk’abanyamakuru atari byo tugenderaho. Njye ntabwo navuga ko itangazamakuru ryisanzuye ku kigero cya 90% kuko hisanzura umuntu ufite amafaranga.
Kuba itangazamakuru ryo mu Rwanda nta mafaranga rifite, bigirwamo uruhare na leta. Ntabwo wabwira umuntu ngo urisanzuye kandi uri umukene.”
Uyu munyamakuru avuga ko Leta nubwo yashyizeho urwego rw’Abanyamakuru bigenzura ,RMC, ngo rureberere abanyamakuru ariko usanga hari abagifungwa bazira umwuga wabo.
Ati “Itangazamakuru ni rwo rwego rwonyine rutigeze ruhabwa imbaraga ndetse n’izo leta igaragaza ko yaruhaye ni nkaho ntazihari. Ni gute uvuga ngo washyizeho urwego rw’abanyamakuru bigenzura ariko tukaba tukibona ibirego by’abanyamakuru bijya mu nkiko aho kubanziriza muri urwo rwego ngo amakosa y’umwuga abanze aganirweho.”
Akomeza ati “[…] Ubona ko leta itarashyira imbaraga mu kubaka ubwisanzure. Ruriya nkarubona nk’urwego rwo kugaragariza ibigo mpuzamahanga n’ibindi bihugu ko ubwisanzure mu Rwanda buhari.”
Kalinijabo asanga leta ikwiye gushyira imbaraga mu itangazamakuru ihereye ku mikoro yaryo, kandi ikongerera ubumenyi abarikoramo.
Ni iki abanyapolitiki bavuga ku kwisanzura kw’itangazamakuru ?
Perezida w’Ishyaka riharanira Demokarasi no kurengera ibidukikije, Green Party, Dr. Senateri, Frank Habineza, agaragaza ko ubusanzwe umunyamakuru afite uburenganzira bwo gutangaza amakuru mu bwisanzure.
Ati “Umunyamakuru afite gukora akazi ke nta guhohoterwa ndetse Itegeko Nshinga riha abanyamakuru uburenganzira n’abandi Banyarwanda gutanga ibitekerezo byabo.”
Dr. Habineza avuga ko nubwo abanyamakuru bafite uburenganzira bwo gutanga ibitekerezo, abitwikira imbuga nkoranyambaga bakazikoreraho ibyaha bitwikiriye leta abo baba bagomba kubibazwa.
Ati “Abakoresha imbuga nkoranyambaga baba ari Abanyarwanda cyangwa ari abanyamahanga bafite izo nshingano zo kuzikoresha neza. Kuzikoresha nabi ni ugusebanya, ni ugutukana, ugutangaza inkuru z’ibihuha.”
Akomeza ati “Abandi baba bitwikiriye umutaka wa leta, bakabikora mu izina rya leta itabatumye, bashoboye kumenyekana na bo bakagombye gukurikiranwa bagahanwa. Umuvugizi wa leta turamuzi, inzego zivugira leta turazizi, nta muntu wagombye kwiyitirira leta ngo abuze abandi uburenganzira bwabo.”
UMUSEKE wagerageje kuvugisha Umuyobozi w’Urwego rw’Abanyamakuru Bigenzura (RMC), Mutesi Scovia ariko ntiyavugisha umunyamakuru.
Gusa ubwo yari mu nama y’Igihugu y’umushyikirano ku nshuro ya 20, yagaragaje ko itangazamakuru rigifite ibibazo bitandukanye.
Icyo gihe yagize ati: “Uyu munsi nk’uko muri hano hari amazina y’abanyamakuru mutakibona, mutakibuka kubera ko bahoze bakora uyu mwuga w’itangazamakuru ariko bawubuzemo amaramuko n’ibyabatunga barawusezera.”
UMUSEKE twashaka kumva icyo Urwego rw’Igihugu rw’Imiyoborere, [RGB], ruvuga kuri ibi ariko abayobozi ntibatwitabye, ndetse n’ubutumwa ntibabusubije.
Gusa muri Werurwe uyu mwaka, kuri televiziyo y’Igihugu, RBA, Umuyobozi Mukuru w’Ishami rishinzwe guhuza ibikorwa n’Ubugenzuzi bw’Itangazamakuru (Head of Media Sector Coordination & Monitoring Department) mu Rwego rw’Igihugu rw’Imiyoborere, [RGB], Rushingabigwi Jean Bosco yavuze ko itangazamakuuru nubwo rikirimo ibibazo, ariko hari intambwe yatewe ku bwisanzure bwaryo.
Ati “Ubwisanzure ntabwo ari ubwo kujya kuri mikoro gusa buhera no kuri ya mategeko atanga amahirwe yo gukora umwuga wisanzuye.Buhera kuri wa munyamakuru, uko uhitamo inkuru ujya gutara.Wanagarura iyo nkuru, ese wisanzuye urayitunganya?”
Akomeza ati “Ntituragera ku rwego ngo turebane, tubwizanye ukuri. Turemeranya ko nubwo hakirimo ibibazo, hari aho ahantu abantu bavuye naho bageze mu bwisanzure.”
Avuga ku bibazo by’amikoro akigaragara mu itangazamakuru yagize ati “Turemera ko tugifite ibibazo kugera ku makuru, turemera ko tugifite ibibazo ku bushobozi. Nk’ubu abantu bagakwiye kuvuga ngo ubu se uko itangazamakuru riteye uyu munsi , umuntu yarikora kinyamwuga, rikamutunga gute? Akaba ari byo dushyiramo imbaraga . Tukavuga ngo izi mbuga nkoranyamabaga zacu, ese ntushobora gushyiraho amakuru y’ireme bikagutunga?”
Usibye ikibazo cy’amikoro gikomeje gushyirwa mu majwi n’abanyamakuru, hanavugwa ko hari ubwo abanyamakuru badakora inkuru icukumbuye banga ko umutekano n’akazi kabo byahungabana.
Babishingira ku kuba hari abanyamakuru bamwe bagiye bava mu mwuga abandi bagafungwa bazira akazi k’itangazamakuru.
Imibare itangwa n’imiryango iharanira uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu n’ubwisanzure bw’itangazamakuru, nka Human Rights Watch, igaragaza ko abanyamakuru, abasesenguzi n’abavuga rikumvikana barenze icumi bafunzwe mu Rwanda bazira ibitekerezo cyangwa imirimo yabo y’itangazamakuru.
UMUSEKE.RW
